Zamość
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Zamość | |||
| Main Square | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship | Lublin | ||
| Powiat | City County | ||
| Gmina | Zamość | ||
| Established | 1580 | ||
| City Rights | 1580 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Marcin Zamoyski | ||
| Area | |||
| - Town | 30.5 km² (11.8 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 212 m (696 ft) | ||
| Population (2005) | |||
| - Town | 66,802 | ||
| - Density | 2,192/km² (5,677.3/sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 87,218 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 22-400 to 22-410 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 084 | ||
| Car Plates | LZ | ||
| Website: www.zamosc.pl | |||
| Old City of Zamość* | |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Image:Zamosc 12.jpg | |
| State Party | Image:Flag of Poland.svg Poland |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | iv |
| Reference | 564 |
| Region† | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1992 (16th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO. | |
Zamość is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the Lublin Voivodship (since 1999). About 20 kilometres from the town is the Roztocze National Park.
The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992).
Contents |
[edit] History
Zamość was founded in the year 1580 by the Chancellor and Hetman (head of the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) Jan Zamoyski, on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea. Modelled on Italian trading cities, and built during the Baroque period by the architect Bernardo Morando, a native of Padua, Zamość remains a perfect example of a Renaissance town of the late 16th century, which retains its original layout and fortifications (Zamość Fortress), and a large number of buildings blending Italian and central European architectural traditions. The Old City quarter of Zamość has been placed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
In 1942, Zamość County, due to its fertile black soil, was chosen for further German colonisation in the General Government as part of Generalplan Ost. The city itself was to be renamed "Himmlerstadt" (Himmler City) and the German occupiers had planned the relocation of at least 60,000 ethnic Germans in the area before the end of 1943. Before that, a "test trial" expulsion was performed in November 1941, and the whole operation ended in a pacification operation, combined with expulsions in June/July 1943 which was code named Wehrwolf Action I and II. Around 110,000 people from 297 villages were expelled. Around 30,000 victims were children who, if racially "clean" (ie. had physical characteristics deemed "Germanic") were planned for germanisation in German families in the Third Reich. Most of the people expelled were sent as slave labour in Germany or to concentration camps.
Local people resisted the action with great determination; they escaped into forests, organised self-defence, helped people who were expelled, and bribed kidnapped children out of German hands. Until the middle of 1943, the Germans managed to settle 8,000 colonists, the number increased by a couple of thousand more in 1944. This settlement was met with fierce armed resistance by Polish Underground forces. The current President of Germany Horst Köhler was born to a family of German colonists in Skierbieszów.
After World War II, Zamość started a period of development. In the 1970s and 1980s the population grew rapidly (from 39,100 in 1975 to 68,800 in 2003), as the city started to gain significant profits from the old trade routes linking Germany with Ukraine and the ports on the Black Sea.
During years 1975–1998 Zamość was the capital of Zamość Voivodship.
Noted conservator and artist Professor Wiktor Zin was responsible for the design and oversight of conservation work on the Arsenal and the Armenian quarter in Zamość.
[edit] Education
- Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna im. Jana Zamoyskiego
- Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania i Administracji
[edit] Economy
The city is located on the broad gauge railway line linking former Soviet Union with Upper Silesian coal and sulphur mines as well as less than 60 kilometres from the border crossings to Ukraine.
[edit] Politics
[edit] Biala Podlaska/Chelm/Zamość constituency
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from this constituency Sławomir Zawiślak - Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
[edit] Famous people from Zamość
- Joseph Epstein
- Marek Grechuta
- Bronisław Huberman
- Rosa Luxemburg
- Isaac Leib Peretz
- Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska
- Jan "Sobiepan" Zamoyski
[edit] Literature
Fritz Stuber, "Notes on the Revalorization of Historic Towns in Poland", in Ekistics (Athens), Vol. 49, No. 295, 1982, pp. 336-341, 3 ill.
[edit] Twin towns
OWHC cities as well as:
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
World Heritage Sites in Poland | |
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Auschwitz Birkenau. German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) · Białowieża Forest / Belovezhskaya Pushcha (with Belarus) · Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork · Centennial Hall, Wrocław · Churches of Peace in Jawor and Świdnica · Kraków - Stare Miasto / Cracow's Historic Centre · Kalwaria Zebrzydowska: the Mannerist Architectural and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park · Park Muzakowski / Muskauer Park (with Germany) · Medieval Town of Toruń · Historic Centre of Warsaw · Wieliczka Salt Mine · Wooden Churches of Southern Little Poland · Old City of Zamość | |
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