Woodworking joints

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Image:Psj.gif
Pocket-Hole Joinery being used to assemble a simple 'T-Joint'.
Joinery often refers to the part of woodworking that involves the joining together of parts of wood.

Traditional wood joinery techniques address the distinctive material properties of wood, often without resorting to mechanical fasteners. There are different types of joinery for different structures. For example the joinery used to build a house is different from that used to make puzzle toys, although some concepts overlap.

Contents

[edit] Properties of wood

Wood is anisotropic: its material properties are different along different dimensions. It is strong when stressed along the grain (longitudinally), but weak across it (radially and tangentially). It expands and contracts in response to humidity. This change is very small longitudinally. It is considerable, but unequal, in the radial and tangential directions. The frame and panel constructions of doors and cabinets is not purely decorative. The panel would be fragile without the support of the rails, whose grain runs perpendicular to that of the panel. But, if the rails were directly fastened to the panel, the difference in the rate of expansion across and along the grain would rip the two apart. When properly constructed, the panel is free to expand, while still supported by the frame.

[edit] Materials used for joining

  • Joints can be designed to hold without the use of glue or fasteners.
  • Glue is highly effective for joining wood when both surfaces of the joint are edge grain. A properly glued joint may be as strong as a single piece of wood. However, glue is ineffective on end-grain surfaces. Compared to a mortise and tenon, a dowel joint is a poor joint because it does not address these properties. Much of the surface of the hole of a dowel joint is end-grain, to which glue adheres poorly. In a mortise and tenon, most of the surface of the joint is longitudinal-grain. Animal glue is soluble in water, producing joints that can be disassembled using steam to soften the glue.
  • Various mechanical fasteners are used, the simplest being nails and screws. Glue and fasteners can be added together.

[edit] Types of joints

Some types of joints used include:

[edit] Images of different types of joints

Joinery-cornerbridle.gif

Bridle joint

Woodworking-joint-butt-dowel.gif

Dowel joint

Joinery-coping.gif

Coped joint

Woodworking-joint-dado.gif

Dado

Joinery-throughdovetail.gif

Dovetail joint

Boxjoint.png

Finger joint or box combing

Woodworking-joint-lap.gif

Lap joints

Mitre joint square.png

mitre (miter) joint

Mortise and tenon joint.svg

Mortise and tenon joint

Woodworking-joint-rebate.gif

Rabbet or rebate

Woodworking-joint-scarf.gif

Scarf joint

Woodworking-joint-splice.gif

Splice joints

[edit] Styles of Joinery

Two of the most common traditions of joinery are Chinese and European. The Japanese and the Chinese in particular developed hundreds of types of joints and their furniture was often held together without glue or nails. The Chinese have been using this method for the last seven thousand years.[1]

[edit] See also

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ Steinhardt, Nancy W. (2002). Chinese Architecture, English Ed., Yale University Press, p. 7. ISBN 0-300-09559-7. 

[edit] References

[edit] External links

some other external joint are mostly sronger but don't look as good.de:Holzverbindung nl:Houtverbinding simple:Woodworking joints

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