Wilhelm Wien
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Wilhelm Wien | |
|---|---|
| Image:WilhelmWien1911.jpg Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien | |
| Born | January 13 1864 Fischhausen, East Prussia |
| Died | August 30 1928 (aged 64) Munich, Germany |
| Residence | Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Field | Physicist |
| Institutions | University of GiessenUniversity of WürzburgUniversity of Munich |
| Alma mater | University of GöttingenUniversity of Berlin |
| Academic advisor | Hermann von Helmholtz |
| Notable students | Karl Hartmann |
| Known for | Blackbody radiation |
| Notable prizes | Image:Nobel Prize.png Nobel Prize for Physics (1911) |
Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (January 13, 1864 – August 30, 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to compose Wien's displacement law, which relates the maximum emission of a blackbody to its temperature.
As Max von Laue wrote of Wien, "his immortal glory" was that he "led us to the very gates of quantum physics".
Wien was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1911. A crater on Mars is named in his honor.
In 1913 he was invited as an Ernest Kempton Adams Lecturer in Theoretical Physics from Columbia University.
Contents |
[edit] Early life
Wien was born at Fischhausen (Rybaki), Province of Prussia (now Primorsk, Russia) as the son of landowner Carl Wien. In 1866, his family moved to Drachstein, in Rastenburg (Rastembork).
[edit] Education
In 1879, Wien went to school in Rastenburg and from 1880-1882 he attended the city school of Heidelberg. In 1882 he attended the University of Göttingen and the University of Berlin. From 1883-85, he worked in the laboratory of Hermann von Helmholtz and, in 1886, he received his Ph.D. with a thesis on the diffraction of light upon metals and on the influence of various materials upon the color of refracted light. From 1896 to 1899, Wien lectured at the prestigious Aachen University of Technology. In 1900 he went to the University Würzburg and became successor of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
[edit] Work
In 1896 Wien derived a distribution law of radiation. Planck, who was a colleague of Wien's when he was carrying out this work, later, in 1900, based quantum theory on the fact that Wien's law, while valid at high frequencies, broke down completely at low frequencies.
While studying streams of ionized gas Wien, in 1898, identified a positive particle equal in mass to the hydrogen atom. Wien, with this work, laid the foundation of mass spectroscopy. J J Thomson refined Wien's apparatus and conducted further experiments in 1913 then, after work by E Rutherford in 1919, Wien's particle was accepted and named the proton.
Wien received the 1911 Nobel Prize for his work on heat radiation.
[edit] Bibliography
- Lehrbuch der Hydrodynamik (1900, physics)
- Aus dem Leben und Wirken eines Physikers (1930, memoir)
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- E. Rüchardt (1955). "Zur Erinnerung an Wilhelm Wien bei der 25. Wiederkehr seines Todestages". Naturwissenschaften 42 (3): 57-62. doi:10.1007/BF00589524.
- E. Rüchardt (1936). "Zur Entdeckung der Kanalstrahlen vor fünfzig Jahren". Naturwissenschaften 24 (30): 57-62. doi:10.1007/BF01473963.
[edit] External links
- Wilhelm Wien
- O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Wilhelm Wien". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
Nobel Laureates in Physics |
|---|
Wilhelm Röntgen (1901) • Hendrik Lorentz / Pieter Zeeman (1902) • Henri Becquerel / Pierre Curie / Marie Curie (1903) • Lord Rayleigh (1904) • Philipp Lenard (1905) • J. J. Thomson (1906) • Albert Michelson (1907) • Gabriel Lippmann (1908) • Guglielmo Marconi / Ferdinand Braun (1909) • Johannes van der Waals (1910) • Wilhelm Wien (1911) • Gustaf Dalén (1912) • Kamerlingh Onnes (1913) • Max von Laue (1914) • W. L. Bragg / W. H. Bragg (1915) • Charles Barkla (1917) • Max Planck (1918) • Johannes Stark (1919) • Charles Guillaume (1920) • Albert Einstein (1921) • Niels Bohr (1922) • Robert Millikan (1923) • Manne Siegbahn (1924) • James Franck / Gustav Hertz (1925) |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Wien, Wilhelm |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 13, 1864 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Fischhausen, East Prussia |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 30, 1928 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Munich, Germany |
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