West Africa Campaign (World War II)
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| It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into African campaigns of World War II. (Discuss) |
| West Africa Campaign | |||||||
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| Part of African Campaigns, World War II | |||||||
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| Combatants | |||||||
| Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Image:Flag of Australia.svg Australia Image:Flag of Free France 1940-1944.svg Free France Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands | Image:Flag of France.svg Vichy France | ||||||
| Commanders | |||||||
| Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Andrew Cunningham Image:Flag of Free France 1940-1944.svg Charles De Gaulle | Image:Flag of France.svg Pierre François Boisson Image:Flag of France.svg Marcel Tetu | ||||||
| West Africa Campaign |
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| Dakar - Gabon |
The name West African campaign refers to two battles during World War II: the Battle of Dakar (also known as Operation Menace) and the Battle of Gabon, both of which were in late 1940. The actions involved Allied forces attacking Vichy French forces in French overseas territories in West Africa.
Following the capture of Gabon, Free French forces controlled French Equatorial Africa, while French West Africa remained under Vichy control, until the Allied landings in North Africa (Operation Torch) in November 1942.
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[edit] Course of the campaign
Anti-British sentiment in Africa had run high after the French battleship Richelieu had been hit in the port of Dakar, Senegal, in French West Africa. This event happened on July 10 1940. [1] In August, Free French General Charles de Gaulle suggested an overland campaign, landing at Conakry, French Guinea. He anticipated that popular support for the Free French movement would be built in a drive on Dakar. But de Gaulle's suggestion was overruled by British desires to move swiftly.
On 18 September, three French light cruisers, the Georges Leygues, the Gloire, and the Montcalm were intercepted by Allied ships en route to Libreville. The intercepting Allied ships included the heavy cruiser HMAS Australia. The three French light cruisers were forced to retreat.
[edit] Battle of Dakar
Vichy resistance stiffened as a result of the attacks on the French ships. From 23 September to 25 September 1940, the Battle of Dakar was fought when the Allied forces failed to persuade the Vichy French defenders of Dakar to allow them to peacefully enter the city. The Allied forces first tried to persuade the Vichy forces by means of propaganda. They then attempted to take Dakar by force of arms. Both attempts ended in defeat. Allied hopes to take French West Africa were put aside and strategic considerations shifted to French Equatorial Africa instead.
[edit] Battle of Gabon
This battle, fought between 8 November and 12 November, resulted in the capture of Libreville and the liberation of French Equatorial Africa from Vichy control.
[edit] Outcome
Free French Forces consolidated their gains in French Equatorial Africa, and were able to assist in other campaigns, including the East African and North African Campaigns. However, French West Africa did not capitulate or join the Allied cause until the November 1942 landings of Operation Torch.
[edit] External links
- http://users.swing.be/baten/bat/910.html
- http://www.ahoy.tk-jk.net/macslog/OperationMenace.September.html
- http://history1900s.about.com/library/prm/blwaugh2.htm
- http://www.navy.gov.au/spc/history/ships/australia2.htm
- http://stonebooks.com/archives/960425.shtml
[edit] References
- ^ The Second World War in the French Overseas Empire. Retrieved on 2006-02-27.
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