Voiceless velar plosive

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IPA – number	109
IPA – text	k
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-k.png
Entity	k
X-SAMPA	k
Kirshenbaum	k
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiceless velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is k, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k.

The [k] sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain [k], and some distinguish more than one variety. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [k].

Contents 1 Features 2 Varieties of [k] 3 Occurrence 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 See also

[edit] Features

Features of the voiceless velar plosive:

• Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
• Its place of articulation is velar which means it is articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the velum).
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Varieties of [k]

IPA	Description
k	plain k
kʰ	aspirated k
kʲ	palatalized k
kʷ	labialized k
k˺	unreleased k
k̬	voiced k
kʼ	ejective k

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		ақалақь	[ˈakalakʲ]	'the city'	See Abkhaz phonology
Ahtna		gistaann	[kɪstʰɐːn]	'six'
Arabic		كان	[kæːn]	'to be'	See Arabic phonology
Bulgarian		как	[kak]	'how'
Cantonese		家/gaa1	[kaː˥˥]	'home'
Czech		kost	[kost]	'bone'	See Czech phonology
Dutch		koning	[ˈkonɪŋ]	'king'	See Dutch phonology
English		kiss	[kʰɪs]	'kiss'	See English phonology
Finnish		kakku	[kɑkːu]	'cake'	See Finnish phonology
French		cabinet	[kabinɛ]	'office'	See French phonology
Georgian[1]		ქვა	[kʰva]	'stone'
German		Käfig	[ˈkʰɛːfɪç]	'cage'	See German phonology
Greek		καλόγερος	[kaˈlo̞ge̞ro̞s̠]	'monk'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hindi		काम	[kɑm]	'work'	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian		akkor	[ɑkkor]	'then'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian		casa	[ˈkaza]	'house'	See Italian phonology
Japanese		鞄/kaban	[kabaɴ]	'handbag'	See Japanese phonology
Korean		가다/kada	[kada]	'to go'	See Korean phonology
Norwegian		kake	[kɑːkɛ]	'cake'	See Norwegian phonology
Pashto		كال	[kɑl]	'year'
Polish		kość	[kɔɕʨ]	'bone'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese		corno	[ˈkoɾnu]	'horn'	See Portuguese phonology
Russian		короткий	[kɐˈrotkʲɪj]	'short'	See Russian phonology
Spanish[2]		casa	[ˈkasa]	'house'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish		ko	[ˈkʰuː]	'cow'	See Swedish phonology
Turkish		kulak	[kuläk]	'ear'	See Turkish phonology
Ubykh		/kawar/		'heart'	Found mostly in loanwords. See Ubykh phonology

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
• Shosted, Ryan K. & Chikovani Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255-264

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǁ ǃ ǂ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

bn:অঘোষ পশ্চাত্তালব্য স্পর্শধ্বনি

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