Voiceless bilabial plosive

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IPA – number	101
IPA – text	p
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-p.png
Entity	p
X-SAMPA	p
Kirshenbaum	p
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is p, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p. The voiceless bilabial plosive in English is spelled with 'p', as in pit or speed.

[p] is missing from about 10% of languages that have a [b]. (See voiced velar plosive for another such gap.) This is an areal feature of the "circum-Saharan zone" (Africa north of the equator, including the Arabian peninsula). It is not known how old this areal feature is, and whether it might be a recent phenomenon due to Arabic as a prestige language (Arabic lost its /p/ in prehistoric times), or whether Arabic was itself affected by a more ancient areal pattern. It is found in other areas as well; for example, in Europe, Proto-Celtic and Old Basque are both reconstructed as having [b] but no [p].

Nonetheless, the [p] sound is very common cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain [p], and some distinguish more than one variety. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [p].

Contents 1 Features 2 Varieties of the voiceless bilabial plosive 3 Occurrence 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 See also

[edit] Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial plosive:

• Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
• Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Varieties of the voiceless bilabial plosive

IPA	Description
p	plain p
pʰ	aspirated p
pʲ	palatalized p
pʷ	labialized p
p˺	unreleased p
p̌	voiced p
pʼ	ejective p

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Catalan		pare	[ˈpare]	'father'	See Catalan phonology
Czech		pes	[pɛs]	'dog'	See Czech phonology
Dutch		plicht	[plɪxt]	'duty'	See Dutch phonology
English		pack	[pʰæk]	'pack'	See English phonology
French		pomme	[pɔm]	'apple'	See French phonology
German		Pack	[pʰak]	'pile'	See German phonology
Greek		πόδι	[ˈpo̞.ði]	'leg'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hindi		पाल	[pɑl]	'nurture'	Hindi contrasts unaspirated and aspirated versions. See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian		pápa	[paːpɒ]	'pope'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian		papà	[paˈpa]	'dad'	See Italian phonology
Japanese		ポスト/posuto	[posɯto]	'mailbox'	See Japanese phonology
Norwegian		pappa	[pɑpːɑ]	'dad'	See Norwegian phonology
Pashto		ﭙﺎﻧﻴﺮ	[pɑˈnir]	'cheese'
Pirahã		pibaóí	[pìbàóí]	'otter'
Portuguese		pai	[pai]	'father'	See Portuguese phonology
Romanian		pas	[pas]	'step'	See Romanian phonology
Russian		плод	[plot] (help·info)	'fruit'	Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Spanish[1]		peso	[ˈpe̞so]	'weight'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish		apa	[ˈaː.pʰa]	'ape'	See Swedish phonology
Turkish		kap	[käp]	'pot'	See Turkish phonology

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǁ ǃ ǂ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

bn:অঘোষ ওষ্ঠ্য স্পর্শধ্বনি

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