Voiceless alveolar plosive
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| It has been suggested that alveolar ejective be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) |
| IPA – number | 103 |
| IPA – text | t |
| IPA – image | Image:Xsampa-t.png |
| Entity | t |
| X-SAMPA | t |
| Kirshenbaum | t |
| Sound sample | |
The voiceless alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is t (although the symbol t̪ can be used to distinguish the dental version, see voiceless dental plosive), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t.
The [t] sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain [t], and some distinguish more than variety. The only languages known without a [t] are Hawaiian (outside of Ni‘ihau), and colloquial Samoan, which also lacks an [n].[citation needed]
Contents |
[edit] Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar plosive:
- Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] Varieties of [t]
| IPA | Description |
|---|---|
| t | tenuis t |
| tʰ | aspirated t |
| tʲ | palatalized t |
| tʷ | labialized t |
| tˁ | pharyngealized t |
| t̚ | unreleased t |
| tʼ | ejective t |
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czech | toto | [toto] | 'this' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch | taal | [taːl] | 'language' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | tick | [tʰɪk] | 'tick' | See English phonology | |
| Finnish | parta | [pɑrtɑ] | 'beard' | See Finnish phonology | |
| French | tordu | [tɔʀdy] | 'crooked' | See French phonology | |
| German | Tochter | [ˈtʰɔxtɐ] | 'daughter' | See German phonology | |
| Greek | τρία | [ˈtria] | 'three' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Hungarian | tutaj | [tutɒj] | 'raft' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Japanese | 特別/tokubetsu | [tokɯbetsɯ] | 'special' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Norwegian | tann | [tɑn] | 'tooth' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Swedish | tåg | [ˈtʰoːg] | 'train' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Thai | ตา | [taː] | 'eye' | ||
[edit] See also
| Consonants (List, table) | See also: IPA, Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
br:Kensonenn kevig dre serriñ divouezh ca:Oclusiva alveolar sorda cs:Neznělá alveolární ploziva de:Stimmloser alveolarer Plosiv es:Oclusiva alveolar sorda fr:Consonne occlusive alvéolaire sourde hr:Bezvučni alveolarni ploziv ko:무성 치경 파열음 it:Occlusiva alveolare sorda ja:無声歯茎破裂音 pl:Spółgłoska zwarta dziąsłowa bezdźwięczna pt:Oclusiva alveolar surda ro:Consoană oclusivă alveolară surdă ru:Глухой альвеолярный взрывной sv:Tonlös alveolar klusil th:เสียงกัก ปุ่มเหงือก ไม่ก้อง zh:清齒齦塞音
