Voiced glottal fricative

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IPA – number	147
IPA – text	ɦ
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-hslash.png
Entity	ɦ
X-SAMPA	h\
Kirshenbaum	h<?>
Sound sample (help·info)

The breathy-voiced glottal transition, commonly called a voiced glottal fricative, is a type of sound used in some spoken languages which often behaves like a consonant, but sometimes behaves more like a vowel, or is indeterminate in its behavior. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɦ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is h\.

[edit] Features

Features of the "voiced glottal fricative":

• Its phonation type is breathy voiced, or murmured, which means the vocal cords are loosely vibrating, with more air escaping than in a modally voiced sound.
• It is a transitional state of the glottis. It has no manner of articulation other than its phonation type. Because there is no other constriction to produce friction in the vocal tract, most phoneticians no longer consider ɦ to be a fricative. True fricatives may have a murmured phonation in addition to producing friction elsewhere. However, the term "fricative" is generally retained for the historical reasons.
• It has no place of articulation. The term glottal means it is articulated by the vocal folds, but this is the nature of its phonation rather than a separate articulation. All consonants except for the glottals, and all vowels, have an individual place of articulation in addition to the state of the glottis.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• Because it is pronounced in the throat, without a component in the mouth, the central/lateral dichotomy does not apply.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Czech		hora	[ˈɦora]	'mountain'	See Czech phonology
Dutch		haat	[ɦaːt]	'hate'	See Dutch phonology
English		behind	[bɪˈɦaɪnd]	'behind'	Some speakers. See English phonology
Finnish		raha	[rɑɦɑ]	'money'	See Finnish phonology
Silesian		hangrys	[ɦaŋɡrɨs]	'gooseberry'
Slovak		hora	[ˈɦɔra]	'mountain'
Ukrainian		гора	[ɦɔˈra]	'mountain'	See Ukrainian phonology
Wu	Shanghainese	鞋	[ɦa]	'shoes'
Zulu		ihhashi	[iːˈɦaːʃi]	'horse'

In Sanskrit, this sound is written "ह" in Devanāgarī and transcribed as "h" and "H" in IAST.

[edit] See also

• Voiceless glottal fricative, a common allophone in numerous languages
• List of phonetics topics

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǁ ǃ ǂ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

bn:ঘোষ কণ্ঠনালীয় ঊষ্মধ্বনি

br:Kensonenn troc'h-avel dre daravat mouezhiet cs:Znělá glotální frikativa de:Stimmhafter glottaler Frikativ fr:Consonne fricative glottale voisée ko:유성 성문 마찰음 ja:有声声門摩擦音 pl:Spółgłoska szczelinowa krtaniowa dźwięczna sv:Tonande glottal frikativa