Velarized alveolar lateral approximant

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IPA – number	209
IPA – text	ɫ
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-l eor5.png
Entity	ɫ
X-SAMPA	5
Kirshenbaum	l<vzd>
Sound sample (help·info)

The velarized alveolar lateral approximant, which may actually be pharyngealized, also known as dark l, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. Velarization/Pharyngealization is generally associated with more dental articulations of coronal consonants so that dark l tends to be dental or dentoalveolar while clear l tends to be retracted to an alveolar position.^[1]

Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 Notes 4 References 5 See also

[edit] Features

Features of the velarized alveolar lateral approximant:

• Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
• Its place of articulation is dental or alveolar, which means it is articulated with the tip (or, more rarely,^[2] the blade of the tongue) against the alveolar ridge. It also has a secondary articulation of velarization or pharyngealization, meaning that the back or root of the tongue approaches the soft palate (velum), or the back of the throat, respectively.
• Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian		halla	[ˈhaɫa]	'armpit'
Arabic[3]		الله	[ʔɑɫɫɑːh]	'God, Allah'	Also transcribed as <lˤ>. See Arabic phonology
Catalan[4]		til·la	[ˈtiɫːə]	'linden'	Eastern dialects. See Catalan phonology
English[5]	RP and GA	peel	[pʰiːɫ]	'peel'	See English phonology
	Scottish English	loch	[ɫɔx]	'loch'
Irish		lá	[ɫɔ]	'day'	See Irish phonology
Norwegian	northern dialects	spelle	[spæɫːe]	'to play'	See Norwegian phonology
Polish	eastern dialects	łapa	[ˈɫapa]	'paw'	Corresponds to /w/ in standard Polish. See Polish phonology
Portuguese	European	mil	[miɫ]	'one thousand'	See Portuguese phonology
Russian[6]		малый	[ˈmɑɫɨj]	'small'	See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic		Mallaig	[ˈmaʊɫækʲ]	'Mallaig'
St’át’imcets		qaoḻ	[qáɫ]	'bad'
Turkish		kızıl	[kɯzɯɫ]	'red'	See Turkish phonology

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• Roca, Iggy & Wyn Johnson (1999), written at Essex, A Course in Phonology, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 0-631-21346-5
• Daniel, Jones & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
• Recansens, Daniel & Aina Espinosa (2005), "Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 1-25
• Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, Oxford University Press

[edit] See also

• Lateral consonant
• Velarization
• l-vocalization

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǁ ǃ ǂ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

br:Kensonenn kevig a-gostez dre dostaat drekstaonekaet

ja:軟口蓋歯茎側面接近音 pl:Spółgłoska półotwarta boczna zębowa welaryzowana uk:Темне л