Trafford

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Metropolitan Borough of Trafford
Image:TraffordTownHall.jpg Trafford Town Hall, in Stretford
Image:Trafford MBC.gif Coat of Arms of the Borough Council
Motto: "Hold Fast That Which Is Good"
Image:EnglandTrafford.png Trafford shown within England
Coordinates: 53°26′46″N 2°18′29″W / 53.44611, -2.30806
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Constituent country	England
Region	North West England
Ceremonial county	Greater Manchester
Admin HQ	Stretford
Founded	1 April 1974
Government
- Type	Metropolitan borough
- Governing body	Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council
- Mayor	Cllr. Bernard Sharp
- MPs:	Graham Brady (C) Paul Goggins (L) Beverley Hughes (L)
Area
- Total	40.9 sq mi (106.04 km²)
Elevation	98 ft (30 m)
Population (2006 est.)
- Total	211,800 (Ranked 63rd)
- Density	5,172.2/sq mi (1,997/km²)
- Ethnicity (2001 Census)	91.6% White 4.0% S. Asian 2.0% Afro-Carib
Time zone	Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
Postcode	M
Area code(s)	0161
ISO 3166-2	GB-TRF
ONS code	00BU
OS grid reference	SJ795945
NUTS 3	UKD31
Website: www.trafford.gov.uk

The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It has a population of 211,800,^[1] covers 41 square miles (106 km²),^[2] and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Sale, Stretford, and Urmston.

The borough was formed on April 1, 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as a merger of the boroughs of Altrincham and Sale, along with Bowdon and Hale urban districts and part of Bucklow Rural District, all previously in Cheshire, along with the borough of Stretford and the urban district of Urmston, both previously in Lancashire.

The River Mersey flows through the borough, separating North Trafford from South Trafford. Historically the Mersey also acted as the boundary between the historic counties of Lancashire and Cheshire. Not all services are provided on this geographical basis, the locality of Partington is often included as part of North Trafford due to its proximity to the Urmston area.

Trafford is the home of Manchester United F.C., Lancashire County Cricket Club, Manchester Phoenix, and formerly Sale Sharks. Also in Trafford are the Trafford Centre—a large out of town shopping centre—and the Imperial War Museum North. Trafford has one of the best records for education in Greater Manchester.

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2.1 Parishes 2.2 Unparished Areas 3 Council 3.1 Electoral wards 3.2 Budget 4 Parliamentary Constituencies 5 Demography 5.1 Population change 6 Economy 7 Culture 7.1 Places of interest 7.2 Sport 8 Education 9 Religion 10 Transport 11 See also 12 References 12.1 Notes 12.2 Bibliography 13 External links

[edit] History

Although Trafford was only formed in 1974, the area it covers has a long history. Neolithic arrowheads have been discovered in Altrincham and Sale.^[3] Fragments of Roman pottery have been found in Urmston; Roman coins in Sale; and the Roman road between the fortresses at Chester (Deva Victrix) and York (Eboracum) crosses Trafford, passing through Stretford, Sale, and Altrincham.^[4] The settlements in Trafford have been based largely around agriculture, although Altrincham was probably founded as a market town.^[5] Although the Industrial Revolution effected Trafford, the area did not experience the same rate of growth as the rest of Greater Manchester.^[6] A 100% increase in population in the Trafford area between 1841 and 1861 was a direct result of the construction of the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway: the number of commuters in Trafford grew.^[7] The area developed its own centres of industry in Broadheath (founded in 1885) and Trafford Park (founded in 1897).^[8] These industrial areas have declined since their peak—although Trafford Park still employs 40,000–50,000 people^[9]—and Trafford is today mostly a commuter area.

The place name Trafford is an Anglo-French version of Stratford, deriving from the Old English words stræt (a street, more specifically a Roman road) and ford (a river-crossing). The borough was formed on April 1, 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as one of the ten metropolitan districts of Greater Manchester.

[edit] Geography

The metropolitan boroughs of the City of Salford and the City of Manchester border Trafford to the north and east respectively; the borough of Macclesfield in Cheshire lies to the south. The geology of south Trafford is Keuper marl with some Keuper waterstone and sandstone, whilst the geology of north Trafford is Bunter sandstone. The River Mersey runs east to west through the area; other rivers in Trafford include the Bollin, the River Irwell, Sinderland Brook, and Crofts Bank Brook. The Bridgewater Canal follows a course through Trafford roughly north to south and passes through Stretford, Sale, and Altrincham.^[10]

Localities within the boundaries of Trafford include:

North Trafford: Cornbrook, Davyhulme, Firswood, Flixton, Gorse Hill, Lostock, Old Trafford, Stretford, Trafford Park and Urmston.

South Trafford: Altrincham, Ashton-Upon-Mersey, Bowdon, Broadheath, Brooklands, Carrington, Dunham Massey, Hale, Hale Barns, Oldfield Brow, Partington, Sale, Sale Moor, Timperley, Warburton and West Timperley.

[edit] Parishes

1. Carrington
2. Dunham Massey
3. Partington (Town)
4. Warburton

[edit] Unparished Areas

Showing former status (prior to 1974)

1. Altrincham (Municipal Borough)
2. Bowdon (Urban District)
3. Hale (Urban District)
4. Sale (Municipal Borough)
5. Stretford (Municipal Borough)
6. Urmston (Urban District)

[edit] Council

Party political make-up of Trafford Council

	Party	Seats		Current Council (2007)
		2006[11]	2007[12]
	Conservative	39	39
	Labour	20	20
	Lib Dems	4	4

[edit] Electoral wards

There are 21 electoral wards in Trafford, each with 3 councillors, giving a total of 63 councillors.

Code	Ward name	Localities covered (approximate)	Population	Ref.
00BUFY	Altrincham	Altrincham, Broadheath, and Oldfield Brow	9,570	[13]
00BUFZ	Ashton upon Mersey	Ashton upon Mersey and Sale	9,519	[14]
00BUGA	Bowdon	Altrincham, Bowdon, Dunham Massey, and Warburton	8,806	[15]
00BUGB	Broadheath	Altrincham, Broadheath, Sale, Timperley, and West Timperley	10,601	[16]
00BUGC	Brooklands	Brooklands and Sale	9,773	[17]
00BUGD	Bucklow-St. Martins	Ashton upon Mersey, Carrington, and Partington	9,655	[18]
00BUGE	Clifford	Old Trafford	10,106	[19]
00BUGF	Davyhulme East	Davyhulme and Urmston	10,414	[20]
00BUGG	Davyhulme West	Davyhulme and Flixton	9,595	[21]
00BUGH	Flixton	Flixton	10,796	[22]
00BUGJ	Gorse Hill	Gorse Hill and Stretford	10,306	[23]
00BUGK	Hale Barns	Hale, Hale Barns and Timperley	9,143	[24]
00BUGL	Hale Central	Altrincham and Hale	9,100	[25]
00BUGM	Longford	Firswood, Old Trafford, and Stretford	11,357	[26]
00BUGN	Priory	Sale	9,439	[27]
00BUGP	St. Mary's	Ashton upon Mersey and Sale	11,160	[28]
00BUGQ	Sale Moor	Sale and Sale Moor	9,899	[29]
00BUGR	Stretford	Stretford	10,334	[30]
00BUGS	Timperley	Brooklands and Timperley	10,666	[31]
00BUGT	Urmston	Flixton and Urmston	10,159	[32]
00BUGU	Village	Brooklands and Timperley	9,747	[33]
00BU	Trafford	All	211,800

[edit] Budget

In 2006–7, Trafford council had a budget of £385 million. This was collected from government grants (60%); council tax (19%); business rates (13%); and fees, charges, rents, and investment interest (8%). The council spent £188M on children and young people's services (49%); £79M on community services and social care (21%); £54M on the environment (14%); £51M on corporate service (13%); and £13M on central services (3%). This included £115M allocated to schools and £52M for rent allowances and council tax benefits.^[34]

[edit] Parliamentary Constituencies

The residents of Trafford Metropolitan Borough are represented by MPs for three separate parliamentary constituencies. These are:

• Altrincham and Sale West is represented by Graham Brady MP (Conservative)^[35]
• Stretford and Urmston is represented by Beverley Hughes MP (Labour)^[36]
• Wythenshawe and Sale East, which also covers parts of the City of Manchester, is represented by Paul Goggins MP (Labour)^[37]

[edit] Demography

Trafford Compared
2001 UK Census	Trafford	Greater Manchester	England
Total population	210,145	2,514,757	49,138,831
White	91.6%	91.2%	90.9%
Asian	4.0%	5.6%	4.6%
Black	2.0%	1.2%	2.3%

As of the 2001 UK census, the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford had a total population of 210,145.^[38] Of the 89,313 households in Trafford, 36.5% were married couples living together, 31.6% were one-person households, 7.8% were co-habiting couples and 9.7% were lone parents, following a similar trend to the rest of England.^[39]

The population density was 1,982 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,133.4/sq mi)^[2] and for every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. Of those aged 16–74 in Trafford, 24.7% had no academic qualifications, significantly lower than 28.9% in all of England.^[38] 8.2% of Trafford’s residents were born outside of the United Kingdom, lower than the English average of 9.2%.^[40] The largest minority group was recorded as Asian, at 4.0% of the population.^[41]

In 1841, 11.6% of Trafford’s population was middle class compared with 14% England and Wales; this increased to 21.2% in 1931 (15% nationally) and 54.8% in 2001 (48% nationally). From 1841 to 1951, the working class population of Trafford and across the country was in decline, falling steadily from 42.7% to 18.% (36% to 29% nationally). It has since increased slightly, up to 27.2% (26% nation-wide). The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers.^[42]

[edit] Population change

Population growth in Trafford since 1801
Year	1801	1811	1821	1831	1841	1851	1861	1871	1881	1891	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001
Population	9,760	11,197	12,697	13,725	17,474	21,896	35,588	49,280	62,971	76,672	94,830	117,289	135,163	155,760	178,385	204,302	215,714	227,792	221,000	215,785	210,145
Source: A Vision of Britain through Time

[edit] Economy

Historically, the economy of the Trafford area has been dominated by agriculture. This continued to some extent even during the Industrial Revolution, when textile industry in the Trafford area did not develop as quickly or to the same extent as it did in the rest of Greater Manchester. There are only two known 18th century mill sites in Trafford, compared with 69 known in Tameside and 51 in Manchester. Despite reaching a high of 43% in 1812, employment in the textile industry in Trafford declined to 12% according to the 1851 census. The textile industry in Trafford was could not compete with that in places such as Manchester, Oldham, and Ashton-under-Lyne, partly because of a reluctance to invest in industry on the part of the two main land owners in the area: the Stamfords and the de Traffords.^[43]

Trafford Park was founded in 1897, and at its peak in 1945 employed 75,000 people.^[44] As well as being the world's first planned industrial estate, it is Europe's largest business park. There are over 1,400 companies within the park, employing between 40,000 and 50,000 people.^[9][45]

The Trafford Centre, which opened on 10 September 1998,^[46] is North West England's largest indoor shopping complex. The centre has over 30 million visitors annually,^[47] and contains 235 stores, 55 restaurants, and the largest Odeon cinema in the UK.^[48]

Trafford is a prosperous area, with an average weekly income of £394, and apart from Manchester it is the only borough in Greater Manchester to be above the national average for weekly income and is on average the highest in the county. Media, advertising and public relations have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated in Manchester and Trafford.^[49] Average house prices in Trafford are the highest out of all the metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester.^[50]

As of the 2001 UK census, Trafford had a 151,445 residents aged 16 to 74. The economic activity of these people was 43.3% in full-time employment, 16.0% self-employed, 11.9% in part-time employment, 2.7% unemployed, 3.8% students without jobs, 2.5% students with jobs, 13.9% retired, 5.7% looking after home or family, 5.4% permanently sick or disabled and 2.8% economically inactive for other reasons. Trafford has a low rate of unemployment (2.7%) compared to England as a whole (3.3%).^[51]

In 2001, of 99,146 residents of Trafford in employment, the industry of employment was 17.1% property and business services, 16.5% retail and wholesale, 12.3% manufacturing, 11.9% health and social work, 8.2% education, 8.0% transport and communications, 5.9% construction, 5.5% finance, 4.5% public administration and defence, 4.0% hotels and restaurants, 0.8% energy and water supply, 0.6% agriculture, and 4.6% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, except for the proportion of jobs in agriculture which is less than half the national average, reflecting the suburban nature of the Trafford area as it is so close to the centre of Manchester.^[52]

[edit] Culture

[edit] Places of interest

In February 2001, Trafford had six Grade I listed buildings, 9 Grade II*, and 222 Grade II; behind Manchester, Trafford had the second highest number of Grade I listed buildings out of the districts of Greater Manchester.^[53] As of March 2007, Trafford has 6 Grade I, 11 Grade II*, and 228 Grade II listed buildings. The Grade I listed buildings are the old Church of St. Werburgh in Warburton; the Church of All Saints in Urmston; Dunham Massey Hall itself, and the stables and carriage house belonging to Dunham Hall; and Royd House in Hale.^[54] Trafford has three of Greater Manchester’s 21 Sites of Special Scientific Interest: Brookheys Covert, a semi-natural wood consisting mainly of ash, birch, and rowan, with a wetland habitat covering 5.8 acres (2.3 ha) in Dunham Massey;^[55] Cotteril Clough, an area of woodland which is among the most diverse in Greater Manchester;^[56] and Dunham Park, which is an area of “pasture-woodland or park-woodland” and has been since the middle ages, including many oak trees that date back to the 17th century, and covers 192.7 acres (78.0 ha).^[57] Also in Trafford are many parks and open spaces; there is approximately 54.8-square-kilometre (14,000-acre) of greenspace, 51.8% of the total area covered by the borough.^[58] Tourist attractions in Trafford include Old Trafford football ground and Old Trafford Cricket Ground.

Image:Themepark uk icon.JPG Chill Factor^e is an indoor ski slope in Trafford Park, Greater Manchester. It features the UK's longest and widest real snow indoor slope, 100 metres (110 yd)  metres wide and 180 metres (200 yd) long.^[59]

Image:CL icon.PNG Dunham Castle is an early medieval castle in Dunham Massey. It belonged to Hamon de Massey, and was probably still standing in the early 14th-century. The bailey was landscaped into the grounds of Dunham Massey Hall.^[60]

Image:NTE icon.png Dunham Massey Hall and Park is an 18th century hall^[61] with a 250-acre (1.0 km²) deer park, both now owned by the National Trust and previously owned by Earls of Stamford. The hall is early Georgian in style, and it, along with its stables and carriage house, are Grade I listed buildings. The hall and grounds are open to the public and are a popular tourist attraction, with over 110,000 visitors in 2006.^[62][63]

Image:Museum icon.png Imperial War Museum North is a war museum in Trafford Park and was opened in 2002. The museum won the 2003 British Construction Industry Building Award, and the title of Large Visitor Attraction of the Year at the 2006 Manchester Tourism Awards.^[64]

Image:UKAL icon.png Sale Water Park is a 152-acre (62 ha) area of countryside and parkland including a 52-acre (21 ha) artificial lake created when the M60 motorway was built.^[65] The water park is the site of the Broad Ees Dole wildlife refuge, a Local Nature Reserve that provides a home for migratory birds.^[66]

Image:HH icon.png Timperley Old Hall is a medieval moated site in Timperley near Altrincham Municipal Golf Course. Excavation on the site over a period of 18 years has shown Timperley to be inhabited since the Bronze Age. A grant from the Lottery Heritage Fund has been made to develop the site into a community project.^[67]

Image:CL icon.PNG The remains of Ullerwood Castle in Hale are 12th century. The castle originally belonged to Hamon de Massey.^[68]

Image:CL icon.PNG Watch Hill Castle is an early medieval motte-and-bailey castle on the border of Dunham Massey and Bowdon. It is listed as a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The motte and surrounding ditch still survives, although it had fallen out of use by the 13th century.^[69]

[edit] Sport

Old Trafford is the home of four major sports clubs: Manchester United F.C., Lancashire County Cricket Club, Manchester Phoenix, and formerly Sale Sharks. Manchester United began as Newton Heath L&YR F.C. in 1878.^[70] The team plays at Old Trafford football ground, which is sometimes used as a stadium for international matches. Manchester United have won the Premier League 16 times and the FA Cup 11 times. They last won the Premier League in 2006-07.^[71] LCCC started as the Manchester Cricket Club,^[72] and represents the historic county of Lancashire. The club contested the original 1890 County Championship.^[73] Old Trafford Cricket Ground—Lancashire's home ground—stages international matches, including Test matches and One Day Internationals.^[74] The team has won the county championship 8 times; in 2007, Lancashire finished third in the county championship, narrowly missing out on winning their first championship title since 1950.^[75][76] Manchester Phoenix, a member of the Elite Ice Hockey League, plays home games at the Altrincham Ice Dome. The club was formed in 2003 as the successor to Manchester Storm; in 2006-07 they finished sixth. Although Sale Sharks now play at Edgeley Park in Stockport, they retain their name from when they were based at Heywood Road in Sale; Heywood Road is still used as the team's training ground.^[77] Sale Sharks won the Guinness Premiership in 2006; in 2006-07 they finished tenth.

As well as being home to several large clubs, Trafford plays host to other smaller clubs, including Altrincham F.C., Flixton F.C., and Trafford F.C.; both Flixton F.C. and Trafford F.C. play in the North West Counties Football League Division One. Flixton F.C. was formed in 1960 and earned promotion from to NWCF Division One at the end of the 2006-07 season. Trafford F.C. was formed in 1990 and finished fifth in the 2006-07 season.^[78] Altrincham F.C. was founded in 1903 and play in the Football Conference. In 2006-07, they narrowly avoided relegation.^[79]

[edit] Education

See also: List of schools in Greater Manchester

There are 73 primary schools in Trafford, 17 secondary and grammar schools, and 6 special schools.^[80] Trafford maintains a selective education system, with grammar schools, assessed by the Eleven Plus exam. Overall, Trafford was ranked 14th out of the all the Local Education Authorities in SATs performance in 2006.^[81] Authorised absences from and unauthorised absences from Trafford secondary schools in 2006-07 were 6.0% and 0.7% respectively, both lower than the national average (6.8% and 1.3%).^[82] In 2007, the Trafford LEA was ranked 6th out of 148 in the country—and first in Greater Manchester—based on the percentage of pupils attaining at least 5 A*-C grades at GCSE including maths and English (57.0% compared to the national average of 45.8%).^[83]

From the 2006 GCSE results, Loreto Grammar School was the most successful secondary school in Trafford with 100% of pupils gaining five or more GCSEs at A*-C grade including maths and English. From the 2006 A-level results, Altrincham Grammar Schools for Girls was the most successful school in Trafford, which was also the 9th most successful in the country.^[84][85] St. Ambrose College is undergoing a £17M rebuild of the school on the current school grounds in Hale Barns.^[86]

[edit] Religion

See also: List of churches in Greater Manchester

As of the 2001 UK census, 78.5% of Trafford’s residents reported themselves as being Christian, 3.3% Muslim, 1.1% Jewish, 0.6% Hindu, 0.2% Buddhist and 0.5% Sikh. The census recorded 12.0% as having no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion and 6.4% did not state their religion.^[38] Trafford is covered by the Catholic Dioceses of Shrewsbury and Salford,^[87][88] and the Church of England Diocese of Manchester.^[89]

There are two Grade I listed churches in Trafford, St. Werburgh's Church, in Warburton, is a timber framed church and dates back to at least the 14th century.^[90] All Saints' Church in Urmston was constructed in 1868 by E. W. Pugin and is considered one of his best works.^[91] Of the 11 Grade II* listed buildings in Trafford, seven are churches: Hale Chapel in Hale; the Church of St John the Divine in Sale; Church of St Mary the Virgin in Bowdon; St. Martin's Church in Sale; St. Michael's Church in Flixton; St. Margaret’s Church in Altrincham; St. George’s Church in Carrington.^[54]

[edit] Transport

The Manchester Metrolink runs roughly north-south through Trafford—with the southern terminus in Altrincham— and serves Cornbrook, Trafford Bar, Old Trafford, Stretford, Dane Road, Sale, Brooklands, Timperley, Navigation Road, and Altrincham. The line opened in 1992 and replaced the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway.^[92] Part of the M60 motorway passes through Trafford, including junctions 6 through 10 inclusive.

[edit] See also

• Trafford Council election, 2007
• Trafford local elections

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] External links

• Trafford Council
• Trafford NHS website
• Trafford's Pathfinder School

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