Toki Pona

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Toki Pona
Symbol:	Image:Toki pona.svg
Created by:	Sonja Elen Kisa	2001
Setting and usage:	testing principles of minimalism, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and pidgins
Total speakers:	at least three fluent,[1] at least several dozen with internet chat ability
Category (purpose):	constructed language, combining elements of the subgenres personal language, international auxiliary language and logical language simultaneously
Category (sources):	a posteriori language, with elements of English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch, Acadian French, Esperanto, Croatian, Chinese
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	art
ISO 639-3:	—
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Toki Pona is a constructed language first published online in mid-2001. It was designed by Canadian translator^[1] and linguist Sonja Elen Kisa of Toronto. ^[2][3]

Toki Pona is a minimal language. Like a pidgin, it focuses on simple concepts and elements that are relatively universal among cultures. Kisa designed Toki Pona to express maximal meaning with minimal complexity. The language has 14 phonemes and 120 root words. It is not designed as an international auxiliary language but is instead inspired by Taoist philosophy, among other things.^[4]

The language is designed to shape the thought processes of its users, in the style of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. This goal, together with Toki Pona's deliberately restricted vocabulary, have led some to feel that the language, whose name literally means "simple language", "good language", or "goodspeak", resembles George Orwell's fictional language Newspeak.^[5]

Contents 1 Writing system 2 Phonology and phonotactics 3 Syntax 3.1 Pronouns 3.2 Nouns 3.3 Modifiers 3.4 Verbs 4 Vocabulary 4.1 Colors 4.2 Numbers 4.3 Obsolete roots 4.4 New roots 4.5 Provenance 5 Literature 6 Community 7 Sample texts 8 References 9 See also 10 External links

[edit] Writing system

Kisa officially used letters of the Latin alphabet to represent the language,^[6] with the values they represent in the IPA: p, t, k, s, m, n, l, j, w, a, e, i, o, and u. (That is, j sounds like English y, and the vowels are like Spanish.)

Capital letters are only used for personal and place names (see below), not for the first word of a sentence. That is, they mark foreign words, never the 120 Toki Pona roots.^[7]

A few enthusiasts have adapted other scripts for use in Toki Pona: Korean Hangul, Tengwar, a set of logograms taken from Unicode, and an original abugida.

[edit] Phonology and phonotactics

Inventory

Toki Pona has nine consonant phonemes in its inventory (/p/, /t/, /k/, /s/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /j/, /w/) and five vowel phonemes (/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/). The first syllable of a word is stressed;^[8] an initial vowel may be optionally proceeded by a glottal stop.^[9]

Consonants	Labial	Coronal	Dorsal
Nasal	m	n
Plosive	p	t	k
Fricative		s
Approximant	w	l	j

Distribution

The statistic vowel spread is fairly typical cross-linguistically. Counting each root once, 32% of vowels are /a/, 25% /i/, a bit over 15% each /e/ and /o/, and 10% are /u/. 20% of roots are vowel initial. The usage frequency in a 10kB sample of texts,[2] was slightly more skewed: 34% /a/, 30% /i/, 15% each /e/ and /o/, and 6% /u/.

Of the syllable-initial consonants, /l/ is the most common, at 20% total; /k, s, p/ are over 10%, then the nasals /m, n/ (not counting final N), with the least common, at little more than 5% each, being /t, w, j/.

The high frequency of /l/ and low frequency of /t/ are somewhat unusual among the world's languages. The fact that /l/ occurs in the grammatical particles la, li, ala suggests that its percentage would be even higher in texts; the text-based stats cited above did not specifically consider initial consonants, but indicate that /l/ was about 25%, while /t/ doubled its frequency to just over 10%. (/k/, /t/, /m/, /s/, /p/, respectively, ranged over 12% to 9% each, with /n/ unknown, and the semivowels /j/ and /w/ again coming in last at 7% each.)

Syllable structure

All syllables are of the form (optional consonant) + vowel + (optional final nasal): that is, V, CV, VN, CVN. As in most languages, CV is the most common syllable type, at 75% (counting each root once). V and CVN syllables are each around 10%, while only 5 words have VN syllables (for 2% of syllables). In both the dictionary and in texts, the ratio of consonant to vowel is almost exactly one-to-one.

Most roots (70%) are disyllabic; about 20% are monosyllables and 10% trisyllables. This is a common distribution, and similar to Polynesian.

Phonotactics

The following sequences are not allowed: */ji, wu, wo, ti/, nor may a final nasal occur before /m/ or /n/ in the same root.^[8] Syllables that aren't word-initial must have an initial consonant,^[7] though in roots like ijo (from Esperanto io) and suwi (ultimately from English sweet), that might be considered an orthographic convention, with the effect that glottal stop only marks word boundaries. (The sequences /ij/ and /uw/ and no more easily distinguished from simple /i/ and /u/ than the banned */ji/ and */wu/ are.)

Allophony

The nasal at the end of a syllable can be pronounced as any nasal consonant, though it is normally assimilated to the following consonant. That is, it typically occurs as an [n] before /t/ or /s/, as an [m] before /p/, as an [ŋ] before /k/, and as an [ɲ] before /j/.

Because of its small phoneme inventory, Toki Pona allows for quite a lot of allophonic variation. For example, /p t k/ may be pronounced [b d ɡ] as well as [p t k], /s/ as [z] or [ʃ] as well as [s], /l/ as [ɾ] as well as [l], and vowels may be either long or short.^[7] Both its sound inventory and phonotactics (patterns of possible sound combinations) are found in the majority of human languages and are therefore readily accessible. For example, */ji, wu, wo/ are also impossible in Korean, which is convenient when writing Toki Pona in Hangul, which would have no way of writing such syllables (see below).

[edit] Syntax

Some basic features of Toki Pona's Subject Verb Object syntax are: The word li separates the subject from the predicate;^[10] e precedes the direct object;^[11] direct object phrases precede prepositional phrases in the predicate;^[12] la separates complex adverbs or subclauses from the main sentence.^[13]

The language is simple enough that its syntax can be expressed in ten rules and two exceptions:^[14]

[brackets] enclose optional elements;

*asterisks mark elements which may be repeated

Syntactic rules

1. A sentence may be

(a) an interjection

(b) of the form [sub-clause] [vocative] subject plus predicate

Exception:

• If a vocative is used, a subject is not required

(The interjection may be a, ala, ike, jaki, mu, o, pakala, pona, or toki.)

2. A sub-clause may be

(a) [taso] sentence la, or

(b) [taso] noun phrase la

3. A vocative is of the form

[noun phrase] o

4. A subject is of the form

noun phrase li

Exception:

• If the subject is mi or sina, no li follows. (It does follow mi mute etc.)

5. A predicate may be

(a) simple noun phrase [prepositional phrase]*, or

(b) verb phrase [prepositional phrase], or

(c) predicate conjunction predicate (that is, a compound predicate)

(The conjunction may be anu or li.)

6. A noun phrase may be

(a) noun [modifier]*, or

(b) simple noun phrase pi noun plus modifier*, or

(c) noun phrase conjunction noun phrase (that is, a compound noun phrase)

(The conjunction may be anu or en. A 'simple' noun phrase is one which does not have a conjunction.)

7. A prepositional phrase is of the form

preposition plus noun phrase

8. A verb phrase may be

(a) verbal

(b) modal plus verbal

(c) verbal_x ala verbal_x (both verbals are the same)

(d) modal_x ala modal_x plus verbal (both modals are the same)

(The modal may be kama, ken, or wile.)

9 A verbal may be

(a) verb [modifier]* (this is an intransitive verb)

(b) verb [modifier]* plus a direct object* (this is a transitive verb)

(c) lon or tawa plus a simple noun phrase

(Some roots may only function as transitive or intransitive verbs.)

10. A direct object is of the form

e simple noun phrase

Some roots are used for grammatical functions (such as those that take part in the rules above), while others have lexical meanings. The lexical roots do not fall into well defined parts of speech; rather, they may generally be used as nouns, verbs, or modifiers, depending on context or their position in a phrase. For example, ona moku may mean "they ate" or "it is food".

[edit] Pronouns

Toki Pona has the basic pronouns mi (first person), sina (second person), and ona (third person).^[15]

Note that the above words do not specify number or gender. Thus, ona can mean "he," "she," "it," or "they." In practice, Toki Pona speakers use the phrase mi mute to mean "we." Although less common, ona mute means "they" and sina mute means "you" (plural).

Whenever the subject of a sentence is either of the pronouns mi or sina, then li is not used to separate the subject and predicate.^[10]

[edit] Nouns

With such a small root-word vocabulary, Toki Pona relies heavily on compounds to make more complex meanings.^[16][3] A typical example is combining jan (person) with utala (fight) to make jan utala (soldier, warrior).

Nouns do not decline according to number.^[10] jan can mean "person", "people", or "the human race" depending on context.

Toki Pona does not use proper nouns; instead, it uses proper adjectives, which are the language's only open class.^[5] For example, names of people and places are modifiers of the common root for "person" and "place", e.g. ma Kanata (lit. "Canada country") or jan Lisa (lit. "Lisa person").

Ideally, the aim of Toki Pona is to reduce all noun phrases to just the core noun itself; through context, a noun phrase initially introduced as jan utala suli pi pona lukin (handsome important soldier) would eventually be reduced through context to jan.^{[citation needed]} The attempt here is to reduce all concepts to their base form, or in other words, to see something as it really is. From the aforementioned example, a handsome important soldier is still essentially a person.

[edit] Modifiers

Phrases in Toki Pona are head-initial; modifiers always come after the word that they modify.^[16] This trait resembles the typical arrangement of adjectives in Spanish and Arabic and contrasts with the typical English structure. Thus kasi kule poki (kasi kule, "flower," poki, "container, vessel") means "potted plant" rather than "flower pot". kasi kule ("flower" itself literally means "colorful plant").

Order of operations is completely opposite to that of Lojban. In Toki Pona, "N A1 A2" (where N represents a noun and A1 and A2 represent modifiers) is parsed as ((N A1) A2), that is, an A1 N that is A2: E.g., jan pona lukin = ((jan pona) lukin), a friend watching (jan pona, "friend," literally "good person").

This can be changed with the particle pi, "of", which groups the following adjectives into a kind of compound adjective that applies to the head noun, which leads to jan pi pona lukin = (jan (pona lukin)), "good-looking person." ^[17]

Demonstratives, numerals, and possessive pronouns follow other modifiers.^[16]

[edit] Verbs

There is a zero copula.^[10]

Toki Pona does not inflect verbs according to person, tense, mood, or voice.^[10] Person is inferred from the subject of the verb; time is inferred from context or a temporal adverb in the sentence. There is no true passive voice in Toki Pona;^{[citation needed]} the closest thing to passivity in Toki Pona is a structure such as "(result) of (subject) is because of (agent)." Alternatively, one could phrase a passive sentence as an active one with the agent subject being unknown.

Some prepositions can be used as a subclass of main verbs. For example, tawa means "to" as a preposition or "to go" as a verb; lon means "in" or "at" as a preposition or "exist, be in/at" as a verb; kepeken means "with" (in the sense of the instrumental case) as a preposition or "to use" as a verb. lon and tawa (but not kepeken) omit the direct object marker e before their objects: mi tawa tomo mi "I'm going to my house".^[12]

[edit] Vocabulary

The 120-root vocabulary^[18] is designed around the principles of living a simple life without the complications of modern civilization.^{[citation needed]}

Because of the small number of roots in Toki Pona, words from other languages are often translated using two or more roots, e.g. "to teach" by pana e sona, which literally means "to give knowledge".^[19] Although Toki Pona is generally said to have only 118 or 120 "words", this is in fact inaccurate, as there are many compound words and set phrases which must be memorized.

[edit] Colors

Toki Pona has five root words for colors: pimeja (black), walo (white), loje (red), jelo (yellow), and laso (blue). Each word represents multiple shades: laso refers to words as light as cornflower blue or as dark as navy blue, even extending into shades of blue-green such as cyan.

Although the simplified conceptualization of colors tends to exclude a number of colors that are commonly expressed in Western languages, speakers sometimes may combine these five words to make more specific descriptions of certain colors. For instance, "purple" may be represented by combining laso and loje. The phrase laso loje means "a reddish shade of blue" and loje laso means "a bluish shade of red".^[20]

[edit] Numbers

Toki Pona has root words for one (wan), two (tu), and many (mute). In addition, ala can mean zero, although its more literal meaning is "no" or "none."^[15]

Toki Ponans express larger numbers additively by using phrases such as tu wan for three, tu tu for four, and so on.^[21] This feature was added to make it impractical to communicate large numbers.^[5]

An early description of the language uses luka (literally "hand") to signify "five."^[21] Although Kisa has deprecated this feature in the latest official description of Toki Pona, its use is still common; from January to July 2006, it was used 10 times more often as a number than in its original sense of "hand" ^[22]. For an example of this structure, see this posting, which uses luka luka luka wan to mean "sixteen."

[edit] Obsolete roots

Two words have archaic synonyms because they were changed to avoid a potentially confusing minimal pair: ona ("he, she, it") used to be iki but was changed because iki is too similar to ike ("bad").^[5], and ale was changed to ali (both forms are still used) to avoid confusion with ala among people who reduce unstressed vowels.

[edit] New roots

Besides ona and ali, which replaced existing roots, two roots were added to the original 118: pan for cereals (grain, bread, pasta, rice, etc.) and ??

[edit] Provenance

Tokipona roots generally come from English, Tok Pisin, Finnish, Georgian, Dutch, Acadian French, Esperanto, Croatian, and Chinese (Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese).^[23] However, change in spelling and pronunciation due to the simple phonetic system, often make it difficult to spot the origins of the words.

Examples:

Easy to see relation

• oko (eye) - identical to Croatian and Polish oko and similar to its IE cognates such as Italian occhio
• noka (leg, foot) - Croatian and Polish noga
• luka (arm, hand) - Croatian ruka and similar to its cognates in other Slavic languages
• toki (speech, language) - Tok Pisin tok - English Talk
• pona (good, positive) - Esperanto bona - General Romance Bon(-)

Changed pronunciation

• lape (sleep, rest) - Dutch slapen
• kepeken (use) - Dutch gebruiken

Although only 14 roots (12%) are listed as derived from English, a large number of the Tok Pisin, Esperanto, and a few other roots are transparently cognate with English, raising the English portion of the vocabulary to about 30%. The rest of the vocabulary derivations are 15% Tok Pisin, 14% Finnish, 14% Esperanto, 10% Acadian, 10% Croatian, 9% Dutch, 8% Georgian, 4% Mandarin, 3% Cantonese, 1 root each from Welsh, Lojban, and Tongan (the latter an English borrowing), 4 phonesthetic roots (one from Japanese, one made up, and two which are found in English), 1 other made-up root (the grammatical particle e), and 3 roots with unknown provenance.

Roots from English

These roots were taken directly from English. Their semantics, however, may differ substantially. For example, tawa from "toward" can mean "go to".

jelo (yellow), jaki (yucky), mani (money), mi (me; also Tok Pisin and Esperanto mi), mu (moo!), mun (moon), o (O; also Esperanto ho, Georgian o), sike (circle), tawa (towards), tu (two), wan (one)

Roots from Tok Pisin

All but two of these derive ultimately from English.

insa (insait, Eng. inside), kama (kamap, Eng. come up), ken (ken, Eng. can), lili (liklik small), lon (long at, Eng. along), lukin (lukim, Eng. look 'em), meli (meri woman, Eng. Mary), nanpa (namba, Eng. number), nasa (nasau ?), open (open, Eng. open), pakala (bagarap, Eng. bugger up), pi (bilong of, Eng. belong), pilin (pilim, Eng. feel 'em), pini (pinis, Eng. finish), poki (bokis, Eng. box), suwi (swit, Eng. sweet), taso (tasol only, but, Eng. that's all), toki (tok, Eng. talk)

Roots from Finnish

ike (ilkeä bad), kala (kala fish), kasi (kasvi plant), kin (-kin even, any), kiwen (kiven, accusative/genitive of kivi stone), linja (linja line [English linear]), lipu (lippu banner, ticket), ma (maa land), mije (miehen, accusative/genitive of mies man), nena (nenä nose), nimi (nimi name), pimeja (pimeä dark), sama (sama same; also Esperanto sama), sina (sinä thou), suli (suuri big), wawa (vahva strong), walo (valko ?, < valkoinen white or vaalea pale)

Roots from Esperanto

Most of these come from English or Romance.

ilo (ilo tool, English/French suffix -il, -ile), ijo (io thing), la (la the, French/Italian la), li (li he, French lui, Italian egli), mi (mi I, English me, Italian mi), musi (amuzi to amuze, French amuser), mute (multe many [English multitude]), pali (fari to do, to make [English fare]), pona (bona good [English bona fide]), sama (sama same, also Finnish sama), selo (ŝelo skin, peel [English shell]), suno (suno sun [English sun]), tenpo (tempo time, Italian, English tempo), tomo (domo house [English domestic])

Roots from Acadian French

anpa (en bas down [English base]), kule (couleur color), kute (écouter listen [English scout, auscultate]), lete (frette cold), len (linge linens), monsi (mon tchu my ass [French mon cul]), moli (mourir die [English mortal]), pipi (bibitte), supa (surface surface), telo (de l'eau of water [English gardyloo]), waso (oiseau bird [obsolete English enoisel])

Roots from Croatian

ona (ona she), poka (bòka, genitive of bòka side, flank), kalama (galáma fuss, noise [~ English clamour]), nasin (náčin manner), noka (nòga leg), oko (òko eye [~ English ocular]), palisa (pàlica stick [~ Engish palisade]), luka (rúka arm, hand), sijelo (tìjelo body, flesh), utala (udara ? < ùdarati beat), uta (ústa mouth), olin (volim I love [~ English volition])

Roots from Dutch

akesi (hagedis), ale/ali (al, alle [English all]), ante (ander [English other]), awen (houden [English hold]), en (en [English and]), kepeken (gebruiken, bruiken [obsolete English brook, bruik]), lape (slapen [English sleep]), loje (rooie, rood [English red]), sitelen (schilderen), weka (weg [English way, away]), wile (willen [English will])

Roots from Georgian

ala (არა ara no, not), anu (ანუ anu or), kili (ხილი xili fruit), mama (მამა mama father; perhaps also motivated by English mama), o (-ო o; also Esperanto ho, English O), seli (ცხელი tsxeli hot), sewi (ზევით zevit up), sona (ცოდნა tsodna to know), soweli (ცხოველი tsxoveli animal)

Roots from Mandarin

jo (有 yǒu to have), kon (空气 kōngqì air), seme (什么 shénme what?), sin (新 xīn new), sinpin (前边 qiánbian front)

Roots from Cantonese

(See help:IPA for pronunciation)

jan (人 jɐ̏n person), ko (膏 kóu fat, ointment), ni (呢 ní this)

Other languages

a (A!, ah! in many languages), kulupu (Tongan kulupu, from English group), laso (Welsh glas sky, grue), lupa (Lojban clupa loop), moku (Japanese phonesthetic モグモグ(食べる) mogu mogu (taberu) munch)

Novel creations

e, unpa (phonesthetic)

Unknown

lawa "head", pana "give", tan "from"

Later additions

The two roots added to the original 118 are pan 'grain, cereal product' (cognate with Spanish pan 'bread') and ??.

[edit] Literature

Sonja Elen Kisa herself has published proverbs, some poetry, and a basic phrase book in Toki Pona.^[6] A few other Toki Ponans have created their own websites with texts, comics, translated video games, and even a couple of songs.^[24][25][26]

[edit] Community

Sonja Elen Kisa has said that at least three speak Toki Pona fluently[3] and estimates that a few hundred have a basic knowledge of the language. Traffic on the Toki Pona mailing list and other online communities suggests that dozens of people are proficient in reading and writing.

[edit] Sample texts

mama pi mi mute (The Lord's Prayer)
Translation by Pije

mama pi mi mute o, sina lon sewi kon.
nimi sina li sewi.
ma sina o kama.
jan o pali e wile sina lon sewi kon en lon ma.
o pana e moku pi tenpo suno ni tawa mi mute.
o weka e pali ike mi. sama la mi weka e pali ike pi jan ante.
o lawa ala e mi tawa ike.
o lawa e mi tan ike.
tenpo ali la ma en ken en pona li pi sina.
Amen.

ma tomo Pape (The Tower of Babel story)
Translation by Pije

jan ali li kepeken e toki sama.
jan li kama tan nasin pi kama suno li kama tawa ma Sinale li awen lon ni.
jan li toki e ni: "o kama! mi mute o pali e kiwen. o seli e ona."
jan mute li toki e ni: "o kama! mi mute o pali e tomo mute e tomo palisa suli. sewi pi tomo palisa li lon sewi kon. nimi pi mi mute o kama suli! mi wile ala e ni: mi mute li lon ma ante mute."
jan sewi Jawe li kama anpa li lukin e ma tomo e tomo palisa.
jan sewi Jawe li toki e ni: "jan li lon ma wan li kepeken e toki sama li pali e tomo palisa. tenpo ni la ona li ken pali e ijo ike mute.
"mi wile tawa anpa li wile pakala e toki pi jan mute ni. mi wile e ni: jan li sona ala e toki pi jan ante."
jan sewi Jawe li kama e ni: jan li lon ma mute li ken ala pali e tomo.
nimi pi ma tomo ni li Pape tan ni: jan sewi Jawe li pakala e toki pi jan ali. jan sewi Jawe li tawa e jan tawa ma mute tan ma tomo Pape.

wan taso (Alone)
dark teenage poetry

ijo li moku e mi.
mi wile pakala.
pimeja li tawa insa kon mi.
jan ala li ken sona e pilin ike mi.
toki musi o, sina jan pona mi wan taso.
telo pimeja ni li telo loje mi, li ale mi.
tenpo ale la pimeja li lon.

[edit] References

1. ^ Professional profile at proz.com
2. ^ Roberts, Siobhan. "Canadian has people talking about lingo she created", The Globe and Mail, 9 July 2007. Retrieved on 2007-07-20. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Dance, Amber. "In their own words -- literally", Los Angeles Times, August 24, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-08-29. 
4. ^ Kisa, Sonja Elen. What is Toki Pona?. TokiPona.org. Retrieved on 2007-05-23.
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Yerrick, Damian (October 23, 2002). Toki Pona li pona ala pona? A review of the Toki Pona planned language. Pin Eight. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
6. ^ ^{a b} http://tokipona.org/
7. ^ ^{a b c} Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 2. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
8. ^ ^{a b} http://www.tokipona.org/kalama.html
9. ^ http://www.tokipona.org/angst.html
10. ^ ^{a b c d e} Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 3. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
11. ^ Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 4. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
12. ^ ^{a b} Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 6. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
13. ^ Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 17. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
14. ^ (jan Setepo), Stevo (January 2, 2007). TOKI PONA PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR. tokipona mailing list.
15. ^ ^{a b} http://tokipona.org/nimi.html
16. ^ ^{a b c} Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 5. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
17. ^ Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 11. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
18. ^ Originally 118 roots, with 2 roots added later.
19. ^ Станислав Козловский (Stanislav Kozlovskiy) (20 July 2004). "Скорость мысли (The Speed of Thought)" (in Russian). Компьютерра Online (Computerra Online). Retrieved on 2007-07-20. English summary of the Computerra article with translated excerpt
20. ^ Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 13. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
21. ^ ^{a b} Knight, Bryant (jan Pije). Lesson 16. The o kama sona e toki pona! Language Course. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.
22. ^ Henry, Jim (July 31, 2006). Changes to Pije's Lessons. tokipona mailing list.
23. ^ http://tokipona.org/etym.html
24. ^ "lipu pi jan Pije"
25. ^ "sitelen musi pi toki pona"
26. ^ "tomo pi jan Ke"

• Тијана Јовановић (Tiyana Yovanovich); Политикин Забавник (Politikin Zabavnik) (15 December 2006). "Вештачки језици-Токи пона (Constructed language-Toki Pona)" (in Serbian) (2862). Забавник. Retrieved on 2007-07-20.

[edit] See also

• Alphabet of human thought
• Philosophical language
• hypernym
• Pirahã language
• Natural semantic metalanguage

[edit] External links

• Sites Run by Toki Ponans

• tokipona.org, the official site (mirror)
• lipu pi jan Pije with lessons, texts, translated video games, comics, and other works
• tomo pi jan Ke is a small fansite that uses Toki Pona as its main language.
• Corey's site has a few translations and discusses alternate writing systems for Toki Pona.
• lipu pi jan Jakopo with pangrams, phoneme frequency analysis, lessons in Esperanto, and links to isolate sites

• Discussion

• Yahoo! Groups discussion board
• Chat room on IRC at freenode (irc.freenode.net)
• kulupu pi toki pona community on LiveJournal
• kulupu toki pi toki pona group on Facebook

• Outside references

• Profile at Langmaker.com

• Miscellaneous

• Encyclopedia in Toki Pona

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ca:Toki pona

cv:Токи Пона cs:Toki pona de:Toki Pona et:Toki pona es:Toki pona eo:Tokipono fr:Toki pona ko:도기 보나 io:Tokipona id:Bahasa Toki Pona it:Toki Pona he:טוקיפונית la:Lingua Tociponica lt:Tokipona li:Toki Pona jbo:tokiponas ms:Toki Pona nl:Toki Pona ja:トキポナ no:Toki pona nn:Toki pona oc:Toki Pona pl:Toki pona pt:Toki Pona ksh:Toki Pona ro:Toki Pona ru:Токипона sk:Toki pona fi:Toki pona sv:Toki pona tt:Toki Pona th:ภาษาโทคิโพนา uk:Токі пона zh:道本语

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