Syria (Roman province)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Syria was an important Roman province, conquered in 64 BC by Pompeius. It remained under Roman (Byzantine) rule for seven centuries, until 637 when it fell to the Islamic conquests.
The Syrian army accounted for three legions of the Roman army, defending the Parthian border. In the 1st century, it was the Syrian army that enabled Vespasian's coup. Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the crisis of the third century.
From the later 2nd century, the Roman senate included several notable Syrians, including Claudius Pompeianus and Avidius Cassius. In the 3rd century, Syrians even reached for imperial power, with the Severan dynasty.
In 193, the province was divided into Syria Coele and Syria Phoenice. In the 4th century, under Theodosius I, Syria Coele was further subdivided into Syria, Syria Salutaris, and Syria Euphratensis), while Syria Phoenice was divided into Phoenice and Phoenicia Libanesia.
The region remained an important province of the Byzantine Empire well into the 6th century, although frequently plagued by Sassanid incursions. In 637, Antioch was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate army.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
Roman Imperial Provinces (AD 117) | |
|---|---|
| Achaea | Ægyptus | Africa | Alpes Cottiae | Alpes Maritimae | Alpes Poeninae | Arabia Petraea | Armenia | Asia | Assyria | Bithynia et Pontus | Britannia | Cappadocia | Cilicia | Corsica et Sardinia | Creta et Cyrenaica | Cyprus | Dacia | Dalmatia | Epirus | Galatia | Gallia Aquitania | Gallia Belgica | Gallia Lugdunensis | Gallia Narbonensis | Germania Inferior | Germania Superior | Hispania Baetica | Hispania Tarraconensis | Italia | Iudaea | Lusitania | Lycia et Pamphylia | Macedonia | Mauretania Caesariensis | Mauretania Tingitana | Moesia Inferior | Moesia Superior | Noricum | Pannonia Inferior | Pannonia Superior | Raetia | Sicilia | Syria | Taurica | Thracia | Image:RomanEmpire 117.svg |
Syriac history |
|---|
| <timeline>
Preset = TimeHorizontal_AutoPlaceBars_UnitYear ImageSize = width:870 barincrement:16 PlotArea = left:20 right:47 bottom:40 Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97) id:white value:rgb(1,1,1) id:subtitle value:gray(0.8) id:grid1 value:gray(0.7) id:grid2 value:gray(0.88) id:black value:rgb(0,0,0) id:events value:rgb(0.75,1,0.75) id:mark1 value:rgb(0,0.7,0) id:mark2 value:rgb(0.7,0,0) id:years value:gray(0.5) id:period1 value:rgb(1,1,0) id:period2 value:rgb(1,0.75,0) BackgroundColors = canvas:canvas Period = from:15 till:2007 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:200 start:200 gridcolor:grid1 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:200 start:100 gridcolor:grid2 AlignBars = justify BarData= bar:title bar:hist1 bar:hist2 bar:lives barset:events PlotData = mark:(line,black) fontsize:S width:14 shift:(5,-6) bar:title from:start till:end text:"Syriac history" fontsize:M anchor:middle align:center width:10 color:subtitle barset:events barset:break at:232 text:Acts of Thomas at:410 text:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon at:431 text:Nestorian schism at:512 text:Severus of Antioch at:637 text:Fall of Antioch at:685 text:Maronite Church at:1299 text:Mongol invasion at:1553 text:Chaldean Catholic Church at:1662 text:Syriac Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch at:1828 shift:(-2,0) text:Treaty of Turkmenchay at:1845 shift:(-2,0) text:Assyriology at:1914 text:Genocide at:1920 text:Treaty of Sèvres at:1933 text:Simele at:1964 shift:(-130,0) text:Ancient Church of the East at:1979 shift:(-150,0) text:Assyrian Democratic Movement bar:hist1 from:start till:637 shift:(20,0) color:red text:Roman Syria from:637 till:1031 shift:(2,0) color:green text:"Caliphate" from:1098 till:1268 shift:(2,0) color:red text:Crusader states from:1512 till:1908 shift:(2,-8) color:green text:"Ottoman Empire" from:1919 till:end shift:(2,0) color:red text:"diaspora" bar:hist2 from:15 till:116 shift:(-10,0) color:orange text:Adiabene from:116 till:363 shift:(10,0) color:orange text:"Roman Assyria" from:502 till:628 shift:(2,0) color:orange text:Byzantine-Sassanid Wars from:890 till:1004 shift:(2,-8) color:green text:"Hamdanid dynasty" from:1127 till:1222 shift:(2,0) color:green text:Zengids from:1383 till:1508 shift:(2,-8) color:green text:"Mongol/Timurid rule" from:2003 till:end shift:(-20,-0) color:orange text:Iraq war bar:lives from:154 till:222 shift:(-2,0) color:yellow text:Bardaisan from:306 till:373 shift:(2,-10) color:yellow text:Ephrem from:410 till:502 shift:(2,0) color:yellow text:Narsai from:551 till:628 shift:(-5,0) color:yellow text:Babai the Great from:640 till:708 shift:(2,-10) color:yellow text: Jacob of Edessa from:1110 till:1171 shift:(2,0) color:yellow text:Jacob Bar-Salibi from:1226 till:1286 shift:(2,-10) color:yellow text:Bar-Hebraeus from:1868 till:1930 shift:(-20,-8) color:yellow text:Naum Faiq from:1908 till:1975 shift:(-10,0) color:yellow text:Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII</timeline> |
de:Syria es:Siria (provincia romana) fr:Syrie (province romaine) it:Siria (provincia romana) la:Syria (provincia Romana) nl:Syria pt:Síria (província romana) pl:Syria (prowincja rzymska) sv:Syria
