Sweet Chestnut
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Sweet Chestnut | ||||||||||||||
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| Image:Chestnuts.jpg Sweet Chestnut fruit
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| Castanea sativa Mill. |
The Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa, family Fagaceae), also known as the Spanish Chestnut or European chestnut, is a species of chestnut originally native to southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree attaining a height of 20-35 m with a trunk often 2 m in diameter. The oblong-lanceolate, boldly toothed leaves are 16-28 cm long and 5-9 cm broad.
The flowers of both sexes are borne in 10-20 cm long, upright catkins, the male flowers in the upper part and female flowers in the lower part. They appear in late June to July, and by autumn, the female flowers develop into spiny cupules containing 3-7 brownish nuts that are shed during October.
The bark often has a net-shaped (retiform) pattern with deep furrows or fissures running spirally in both directions up the trunk.
The tree requires a mild climate and adequate moisture for good growth and a good nut harvest. It is sensitive to late spring and early autumn frosts, and is intolerant of lime. Under forest conditions it will tolerate moderate shade well.
[edit] Uses
Sweet Chestnut is widely cultivated for its edible nuts. As early as Roman times it was introduced into more northerly regions, and later it was cultivated in monastery gardens by monks. Today, centuries-old specimens may be found in Great Britain and the whole of central and western Europe. The nuts are used by confectioners and are also eaten roasted. They are popular in Turkey, Portugal, France, Italy, Croatia and particularly in Corsica. They may be roasted whole or ground to make flour. The Corsican variety of polenta (called pulenta) is made with sweet chestnut flour. A local variety of Corsican beer also uses chestnuts.
The durable wood is used to make furniture, barrels (sometimes used to age balsamic vinegar), fencing and roof beams in houses of the Alpujarra, Spain; due to its tendency to split and warp badly, it is not used in large pieces. The bark also provides tannin.
[edit] Gallery
Kew.gardens.sweet.chestnut.london.arp.jpg
Sweet Chestnut tree at Kew Gardens, London |
Chataigne.jpg
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Maroni2.jpg
Castanea sativa |
Sweet Chestnut Forest.jpg
A sweet chestnut forest in Ticino, Switzerland |
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Chestnuts on tree.jpg
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Castanea-sativa.JPG
Sweet Chestnut tree |
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Middle Rhine Valley, Germany |
Sweet chestnut DSCF0160.JPG
Retiform bark |
Ancient coppice of a sweet chestnut DSCF0322.JPG
Ancient Sweet Chestnut coppice, Banstead Woods, Surrey, UK |
Illustration Castanea sativa0.jpg
Sweet Chestnut, from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885 |
Castanea sativa (Mariemont) JPG1a.jpg
Remarkable Sweet Chestnut in Morlanwelz (Belgium) |
[edit] References
- Flora Europaea: Castanea sativa
- Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/AD235E/ad235e00.htm#Contents
- http://cesonoma.ucdavis.edu/hortic/pdf/chestnut_99.pdfbg:Сладък кестен
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