Sancho I of Portugal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Afonso Henriques (Afonso I) |
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| Sancho I |
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| Afonso II |
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| Sancho II |
| Afonso III |
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| Denis |
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| Afonso IV |
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| Peter I |
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| Ferdinand I |
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| Beatrice (disputed queen) |
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Sancho I (pronounced [ˈsɐʃu]; rarely translated to Sanctius I), nicknamed the Populator (Portuguese o Povoador), second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 in Coimbra and died on March 26, 1212 in the same city. He was the second but only surviving legitimate son and fourth child of Afonso I Henriques of Portugal by his wife, Maud of Savoy. Sancho succeeded his father in 1185. He used the title King of the Algarve and/or King of Silves between 1189 and 1191
In 1170, Sancho was knighted by his father, King Afonso I, and from then on he became his second in command, both administratively and militarily. At this time, the independence of Portugal (declared in 1139) was not firmly established. The kings of León and Castile were trying to re-annex the country and the Roman Catholic Church was late in giving its blessing and approval. Due to this situation Afonso I had to search for allies within the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal made an alliance with the Kingdom of Aragon and together they fought Castile and León. To secure the agreement, Infante Sancho of Portugal married, in 1174, Infanta Dulce Berenguer, younger sister of King Alfonso II of Aragon. Aragon was thus the first Iberian kingdom to recognize the independence of Portugal.
With the death of Afonso I in 1185, Sancho I became the second king of Portugal. Coimbra was the centre of his kingdom; Sancho terminated the exhausting and generally pointless wars against his neighbours for control of the Galician borderlands. Instead, he turned all his attentions to the south, towards the Moorish small kingdoms (called taifas) that still thrived. With Crusader help he took Silves in 1191. Silves was an important city of the South, an administrative and commercial town with population estimates around 20,000 people. Sancho ordered the fortification of the city and built a castle which is today an important monument of Portuguese heritage. However, military attention soon had to be turned again to the North, where León and Castile threatened again the Portuguese borders. Silves was again lost to the Moors. It should be noted that the global Muslim population had climbed to about 6 per cent as against the Christian population of 12 per cent by 1200.
Sancho I dedicated much of his reign to political and administrative organization of the new kingdom. He accumulated a national treasure, supported new industries and the middle class of merchants. Moreover, he created several new towns and villages (like Guarda in 1199) and took great care in populating remote areas in the northern Christian regions of Portugal, notably with Flemings and Burgundians – hence the nickname "the Populator". The king was also known for his love of knowledge and literature. Sancho I wrote several books of poems and used the royal treasure to send Portuguese students to European universities.
[edit] Ancestors
| Sancho I of Portugal | Father: Afonso I of Portugal | Father's father: Henry, Count of Portugal | Father's father's father: Henry, Duke of Burgundy |
| Father's father's mother: Sybil (Beatriz) of Barcelona | |||
| Father's mother: Theresa, Countess of Portugal | Father's mother's father: Alfonso VI of Castile | ||
| Father's mother's mother: Jimena Muñoz | |||
| Mother: Maud of Savoy | Mother's father: Amadeus III of Savoy | Mother's father's father: Humbert II of Savoy | |
| Mother's father's mother: Gisela of Burgundy | |||
| Mother's mother: Mahaut of Albon | Mother's mother's father: Guy II, Count of Albon | ||
| Mother's mother's mother: Inés of Barcelona |
[edit] Marriage and descendants
Sancho married Dulce Berenguer, daughter of Raymond Berengar IV, Count of Barcelona, and Petronilla, Queen of Aragon.
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| By Dulce Berenguer (1152-1198; married in 1175) | |||
| Infanta Teresa (Theresa) | 1181 | 1250 | Queen consort of Castile by marriage to King Alfonso IX of Castile. |
| Infante Raimundo (Raymond) | c. 1180 | 1189 | |
| Infanta Sancha | a. 1182 | March 13, 1229 | Abbess of Lorvão. |
| Infanta Constança (Constance) | c. 1182 | August 3, 1202 | |
| Infante Afonso | April 23 1185 | March 25 1223 | Succeeded him as Afonso II, 3rd King of Portugal. |
| Infante Pedro (Peter) | February 23, 1187 | June 2, 1258 | Consort Count of Urgell, and later titular Count of Urgell and Lord of the Balearic Islands. He lived in León and married Arembiaux Armengel, Countess of Urgell. |
| Infante Fernando (Ferdinand) | March 24, 1188 | March 4, 1233 | Consort Count of Flanders. Lived in France and married Jeanne of Flanders. |
| Infante Henrique (Henry) | 1189 | 1189 | |
| Infanta Branca (Blanche) | c. 1192 | 1240 | Lady of Guadalajara. |
| Infanta Berengária | c. 1195 | 1221 | Queen consort of Denmark by marriage to King Valdemar II of Denmark. |
| Infanta Mafalda | c. 1200 | 1256 | Queen consort of Castile by marriage to King Henry I of Castile. |
| By Maria Aires (c. 1180-?) | |||
| Martim Sanches or Henrique Sanches | c. 1200 | 1229 | Natural son and Count of Trastamara. |
| Urraca Sanches | c. 1200 | 1256 | Natural daughter. |
| By Maria Pais Ribeira (Ribeirinha) (c. 1170-b. 1258) | |||
| Rodrigo Sanches | c. 1200 | 1245 | Natural son. |
| Gil Sanches | c. 1200 | 1236 | Natural son. |
| Nuno Sanches | c. 1200 | ? | Natural son. |
| Teresa Sanches | 1205 | 1230 | Natural daughter. |
| Constança Sanches | 1210 | 1269 | Natural daughter. |
| Maior Sanches | ? | ? | Natural daughter. |
| Sancho I of Portugal Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty Born: 11 November 1154 Died: 26 March 1212
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Afonso I | King of Portugal 1185–1212 | Succeeded by Afonso II |
Monarchs of Portugal | |
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| House of Burgundy | Afonso I • Sancho I • Afonso II • Sancho II • Afonso III • Denis • Afonso IV • Peter I • Ferdinand I • Beatrice (disputed) |
| House of Aviz | John I • Edward • Afonso V • John II |
| House of Aviz-Beja | Manuel I • John III • Sebastian • Henry • Anthony (disputed) |
| House of Habsburg | Philip I • Philip II • Philip III |
| House of Braganza | John IV • Afonso VI • Peter II • John V • Joseph • Maria I with Peter III • John VI • Pedro IV • Miguel • Maria II with Ferdinand II |
| House of Braganza-Wettin | Pedro V • Luís • Carlos • Manuel II |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sancho I |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sanctius I (English), Infante Sancho of Portugal (earlier title), Infante Sanctius of Portugal (English earlier title), Sancho I, King of Portugal and Algarve (alternative), Sancho I, King of Portugal and of the Algarves (alternative), Sancho I, King of Portugal and Silves (alternative), Sanctius I, King of Portugal and Algarve (alternative), Sanctius I, King of Portugal and of the Algarves (alternative), Sanctius I, King of Portugal and Silves |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | King of Portugal |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 11, 1154 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Coimbra, Portugal |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 26, 1212 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Coimbra, Portugal |
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