Sariputra

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Sariputra (Sanskrit) or Sariputta (Pāli) was one of two principal disciples of the Buddha. He became an Arhat renowned for his wisdom and is depicted in the Theravada tradition as one of the most important disciples of the Buddha.

Contents

[edit] Biography

Sariputra came from a Brahmin family and had already embarked on life as a spiritual ascetic when he encountered the teachings of the Buddha. Śāriputra had a close friend Mahamaudgalyayana (Pāli: Mahāmoggallāna), another wandering ascetic. They both renounced the world on the same day and became disciples of the sceptic Sanjaya Belatthiputta before converting to Buddhism.

After hearing of the Buddha's teachings from a monk named Assaji (Sanskrit: Asvajit), Sariputra sought out the Buddha and became an adherent to his teachings. These two are often depicted together with the Buddha, and several sutras regard interactions between Sariputra and Mahāmaudgalyāyana (who became renowned among the early Buddhists for his mastery of supernatural powers).

Image:Nalanda.jpg
The stupa of Sariputta at Nalanda - where he was born and died.

In one somewhat comical scene involving the two friends, a mischievous yaksa (Pāli: yakkha) decides that it will attempt to irritate Sariputra by striking him on the head. Mahamaudgalyayana sees this occurring with his 'divine eye' (a clairvoyant-like faculty often attributed to powerful Buddhist monks, as well as other South Asian ascetics), and unsuccessfully attempts to warn Sariputra. However, due to his great spiritual mastery, Sariputra perceives the terrible blow that the yakkha delivers as only a light breeze. Mahamaudgalyayana approaches and expresses his amazement that Sariputra barely noticed the terrible blow; Sariputra replies in amazement that Mahamaudgalyayana was able to perceive the invisible creature that dealt the blow.

Sariputra often preached with the Buddha's approval and was awarded the title of 'General of the Dharma' (Pāli: Dhammasenāpati) for his propagation of the faith and is regarded as the founder of the Abhidharma tradition. However, the Buddha also lightly reprimanded Sariputta on occasion when he did not fully explain the Dhamma to a prince[1], or when he allowed a group of novice monks to become too loud.[2]

Nevertheless, Sariputra was one of the most highly praised disciples and on at least one occasion the Buddha declared him to be a true spiritual son and his chief assistant in "turning the Wheel of the Dhamma":[3]

“ "If a person, rightly saying it of anyone, were to say, 'He is the Blessed One's son, his offspring — born of his mouth, born of the Dhamma, created by the Dhamma, his heir in the Dhamma, not his heir in material things,' he would be rightly saying it of Sariputta if he were to say: 'He is the Blessed One's son, his offspring — born of his mouth, born of the Dhamma, created by the Dhamma, his heir in the Dhamma, not his heir in material things.' Sariputta, monks, takes the unexcelled wheel of Dhamma set rolling by the Tathagata, and keeps it rolling rightly." ”

[edit] Death

According to the Pali Canon, Sariputta died sometime before the Buddha, having achieved Parinibbana, and when Sariputta's assistant, Cunda, gave the news to Ananda, Ananda was very distressed. He passed the news along to the Buddha, who remained at peace, and chastised Ananda's reaction:[4]

“ But, Ananda, haven't I already taught you the state of growing different with regard to all things dear & appealing, the state of becoming separate, the state of becoming otherwise? What else is there to expect? It's impossible that one could forbid anything born, existent, fabricated, & subject to disintegration from disintegrating.

"Just as if the largest limb were to fall off of a great tree composed of heartwood, standing firm; in the same way, Sariputta has attained total Unbinding from this great community of monks composed of heartwood, standing firm. What else is there to expect? It's impossible that one could forbid anything born, existent, fabricated, & subject to disintegration from disintegrating.

”

[edit] Sariputta as Krishna and Lakshmana

In the Pali texts known as the Jatakas, one of Sariputta's previous incarnation was also known as "Vasudeva" or "Kanha", two names of Krishna. The story in the Ghata Jataka differs from the Hindu story of Krishna in that Krishna has 9 brothers and a sister and is more of a conquering king, who along with his brothers, conquers all of the mystical land of Jambudvipa. [5] Some contend that the Bhagwad Gita also advises to aspire for refuge in Buddha, Gita 2:49, which states "Buddhau Saranam Anvicche" or "Take refuge in enlightenment".

Similarly one of the nine commonly used recollections (Anussati) of Buddha -- "Purisa damma sarathi" which means "charioteer of heroic men". In the Gita for the first time, Krishna, who is a king himself, is shown as a mere charioteer and guide of the prince Arjuna. There are some who even contend that the Gita is a Buddhist text [6].

In another Jataka, the Dasaratha Jataka, Sariputta is reborn as Lakshmana or Lakkhan to Buddha's rebirth as Rama. In the Buddhist tale however, Sita is never kidnapped and Rama merely returns after exile as a glorious king to rule for thousands of years.

[edit] Sariputra in Mahayana

While depictions of Sariputra in the Pali Canon are uniformly positive, showing Sariputra as a wise and powerful arhat, second only to the Buddha, his depiction in some Mahayana sources has often been much less flattering. In the Vimalakirtinirdesa-sutra and the Lotus Sutra, Sariputra is depicted as the voice of the Hinayana or sravaka tradition, which is presented in the Mahayana sutras as a 'less sophisticated' teaching. In these sutras, Sariputta is unable to readily grasp the Mahayana doctrines presented by Vimalakirti and others, and is rebuked or defeated in debate by a number of interlocutors, including a female deity (deva) who frustrates Sariputra's 'Hinayana' assumptions regarding gender and form. However, in the Lotus Sutra, the Buddha does predict that Sariputra will become a fully awakened Buddha one day, named Flower Glow Tathagata, at which Sariputra's mind is said to "dance with joy".[7]

A dialogue between Sariputra and Avalokitesvara is also the context of the Heart Sutra, a brief but essential text in the Mahayana Buddhist tradition.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Life of Sariputra, also see MN 97, Dhanañjani Sutta
  2. ^ Life of Sariputra, also see MN 67, the Catuma Sutta
  3. ^ MN 111, the Anupada Sutta
  4. ^ SN 47.13, the Cunda Sutta
  5. ^ http://threeroyalwarriors.tripod.com/id3.html
  6. ^ Was the Bhagwad Gita written for Buddhists? http://threeroyalwarriors.tripod.com/id4.html
  7. ^ Lotus Sutra, chapter 3

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

de:Sariputta et:Šāriputra es:Shariputra fr:Sariputta nl:Sariputta ja:舎利弗 no:Shariputra ru:Шарипутра th:พระสารีบุตร vi:Xá-lợi-phất zh:舍利弗

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