Roraima
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Roraima |
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| Capital (and largest city) | Boa Vista | |||||
| Demonym | Roraimense | |||||
| Government | ||||||
| - | Governor | Ottomar Pinto | ||||
| - | Vice Governor | José de Anchieta Júnior | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 224.298,98 km² (14th) | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2006 estimate | 403.344 (24th) | ||||
| - | 2005 census | 392.255 | ||||
| - | Density | 1,8/km² (27th) | ||||
| GDP | 2005 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | R$ 1.864.151 (27th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | R$ 8.123 (14th) | ||||
| HDI (2000) | 0.746 (medium) (13th) | |||||
| Abbreviation | BR-RR | |||||
| Time zone | BRT (UTC-4) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | BRST (UTC-2) | ||||
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Roraima (pron. IPA: [ʁo.'raj.ma] or IPA: [ʁo.'rãj.ma] [1]) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northern region of the country. It borders Pará and Amazonas states, as well as Venezuela and Guyana. Roraima is both the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil. The natural beauties of Roraima are, without a doubt, its main asset. They are incomparable, in a forest (Amazon) full of mysteries. They are also the best product of exportation, capable to be sold in any part of the world and, for Roraima, to bring visitors from all place of the planet. This is, today, the most important issue of the economic development of the State of Roraima. The tourism is an industry that does not require investment in the production. The product is ready to be sold and only needs a good infrastructure. Roraima, with its rivers and forests, a wealth in a land blessed by nature, can make of this patrimony a tourist product and open a way for the State and its people to foresee a better future for the next generations.
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[edit] Geography
The climate is tropical with an annual mean temperature of 26°C (78.8ºF). Most of the state is located in the Amazon rainforest, with a small strip of savanna to the east. The state is rich in mineral deposits - especially gold, diamonds, cassiterite, bauxite, marble and copper. These create constant conflicts with the native population, of which the Yanomami are the most well-known, although they are significantly out-numbered by the Macuxi.
The Monte Roraima National Park is located around one of the highest mountains of Brazil, the 2.727 m high Tepui Monte Roraima.
[edit] Climate
An equatorial climate is a type of tropical climate in which there is no dry season – all months have mean precipitation values of at least 60mm. It is usually found at latitudes within five degrees of the equator – which are dominated by the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The equatorial climate is denoted Af in the Köppen climate classification. Tropical rainforest is the natural vegetation in equatorial r
[edit] Vegetation
The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia.[2] As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest.[3]
[edit] History
Since the beginnings of 16th century, the region now considered state of Roraima was land of disputes, due to its rich mineral reserves. It was sought by the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and English until the beginnings of this century. But in 1943, with a section from the state of Amazonas, the Federal Government created the territory of Branco River, which became Roraima later in 1962. In 1988 became a state by decision of the National Congress. The name of the state was taken from Monte Roraima, whose name comes from the Pemon words “roroi” (“cyan”) and “ma” (“large”).
[edit] Demographics
According to the IBGE of 2007, there were 405,000 people residing in the state. The population density was 1,8 inh./km². The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 278 thousand Pardo people (68.8%), 81 thousand White people (20.0%), 29 thousand Black people (7.4%), 15 thousand Asian or Amerindian people (3.8%).[4]
The majority of the Whites of the state is of Portuguese descent. The Pardos are a mixture of Europeans with the Blacks and/or Amerindians, varying from light to dark complexion. The Blacks are of African descent, the Asians are mostly Japanese and the Amerindians are the indigenous inhabitants.
Urbanization: 80.3% (2004); Population growth: 4.6% (1991-2000); Houses: 97,465 (2005).
Source: PNAD.
[edit] Economy
The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 87.5%, followed by the industrial sector at 8.7%. Agriculture represents 3.8%, of GDP (2004). Roraima exports: wood 74%, leather 22.6% (2002).
Participation in the Brazilian economy: 0.1% (2004).[5]
[edit] Curiosity
Vehicles: 65,035 (jan./2006); Mobile phones: 144 thousand (2006); Telephones: 66 thousand (2006); Cities: 15 (2006).
[edit] Education
Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum.
[edit] Colleges and Universities
- Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR);
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Roraima (Cefet-RR);
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Biológicas e da Saúde (FCHBS);
- Faculdade de Teologia de Boa Vista (Fatebov);
- Faculdade Roraimense de Ensino Superior (Fares);
- Faculdades Cathedral - Boa Vista (Cathedral-Boa Vista);
- and many others.
[edit] Infrastructure
[edit] International Airport
Boa Vista International Airport was opened on February 19, 1973, and underwent its first big remodeling in 1998. The passenger terminal, runway and apron were all enlarged, and a separate taxiway was built. The airport has capacity to receive 675 thousand passengers a year in total comfort and security.
[edit] Highways
- BR-174;
- BR-210;
- BR-431;
- BR-432;
- BR-410;
- RR-171;
- RR-175;
- RR-202;
- RR-203.
[edit] Flag
The blue of the flag represents the pure air and the sky of Roraima, the white strip symbolizes peace, and the green to the right represents the forests and fields. The star - symbolizing the state in the national flag of Brazil - is yellow, which symbolizes the mineral resources of the state. The red line in bottom stands for the equator, which cuts through the state. The flag was designed by the artist Mário Barreto, and was adopted by Law No.133 of June 14, 1996.
[edit] References
- ^ The presented pronunciation is in Brazilian Portuguese. The European Portuguese pronunciation is: /ho.ɾaj.mɐ/.
- ^ Turner, I.M. 2001. The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-80183-4
- ^ Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Plants, Amazon River Animals
- ^ (2007) Síntese de Indicadores Sociais 2007 (PDF) (in Portuguese), Roraima, Brazil: IBGE. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved on 2007-07-18.
- ^ (2004) List of Brazilian states by GDP (PDF) (in Portuguese), Roraima, Brazil: IBGE. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved on 2007-07-18.
[edit] See also
- (English) Brazil
- (Portuguese) Official Website
- (English) Brazilian Tourism Portal
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