Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'
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Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' (रामधारी सिंह दिनकर) (September 23,1908 - April 24, 1974) was an Indian Hindi poet, who is considered as one of the most important modern Hindi poets. Dinkar emerged as a rebellious poet with his nationalist poetry in pre-Independence days. His poetry exuded veer rasa, and he has been hailed as a "Rashtrakavi" ("National poet").
Dinkar was born in a poor Bhumihar Brahmin [1] family in Simariya village of Begusarai district in Bihar. As a student, Dinkar's favorite subjects were history, politics and philosophy. He studied Hindi, Sanskrit, Maithili, Bengali, Urdu and English literature. Dinkar was greatly influenced by Iqbal, Rabindranath Tagore, Keats and Milton.
In his early days, Dinkar supported the revolutionary movement during the Indian Independence struggle. But later, he became a Gandhian. However, he used to call himself a 'Bad Gandhian' because he supported the feelings of indignation and revenge among the youth. In Kurukshetra, he accepts that the war is destructive, but says that it is necessary for the protection of freedom.
Dinkar was three times elected to Rajya Sabha and he was the member of this house from April 3, 1952 CE to January 26, 1964 CE.
Dinkar was awarded the Jnanpith Award in 1972 for Urvashi, a work of poetry, published in 1961. He was also a recipient of Padma Bhushan in 1959 and Sahitya Akademi Award also in 1959. The theme of Urvashi revolves round love, passion, and relationship of man and woman on a spiritual plane, distinct from their earthly relationship. The name Urvashi is derived from the name of an Apsaras of the same name (Urvashi), a celestial damsel of the court of Hindu mythological god, Indra.
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[edit] Major poetical works
Dinkar's first published poetical work was Pranbhang (1929). His other works are
- Renuka (1935)
- Hunkar (1938)
- Rasavanti (1939)
- Dvandvageet (1940)
- Kurukshetra (1946)
- Saamdheni (1947)
- Baapu (1947)
- Dhup-Chhanh (1947)
- Itihas ke Aansoo (1951)
- Dhup aur Dhuan (1951)
- Mirch ka Mazaa (1951)
- Rashmirathi (1952)
- Dilli (1954)
- Neem ke Patte (1954)
- Suraj ka Byaah (1955)
- Neel Kusum (1955)
- Chakravaal (1956)
- Kavishri (1957)
- Seepee aur Shankh (1957)
- Naye Subhaashit (1957)
- Urvashi (1961)
- Parashuram ki Pratiksha (1963)
- Koylaa aur Kavitva (1964)
- Mritti Tilak (1964)
- Atmaa ki Ankhe (1964)
- Haare ko Harinaam (1970)
His anthologies of poems are
- Lokpriya Kavi Dinkar (1960)
- Dinkar ki Suktiyan (1964)
- Dinkar ke Geet (1973)
- Sanchayita (1973)
[edit] Major prose works
Dinkar’s major analytical and other prose works are:
- Mitti ki Or (1946)
- Chittaur ka Saakaa (1948)
- Ardhanaarishwar (1952)
- Reti ki Phool (1954)
- Hamaari Saanskritik Ekta (1954)
- Bhaarat ki Saanskritik Kahaani (1955)
- Raashtrabhaasha aur Raashtriya Ekta (1955)
- Ujli Aag (1956)
- Sanskriti ke Chaar Adhyaay (1956)
- Kaavya ki Bhumikaa (1958)
- Pant, Prasad aur Maithilisharan (1958)
- Venu Van (1958)
- Dharma, Naitikataa aur Vigyan (1959)
- Vat-Peepal (1961)
- Lokdev Nehru (1965)
- Shuddh Kavitaa ki Khoj (1966)
- Saahityamukhi (1968)
- He Ram! (1968)
- Samsmaran aur Shraddhaanjaliyan (1970)
- Meri Yatrayen (1971)
- Bhaaratiya Ekta (1971)
- Dinkar ki Daayri (1973)
- Chetana ki Shilaa (1973)
- Vivah ki Musibaten (1973) and
- Aadhunik Bodh (1973).
