Port Alberni, British Columbia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Port Alberni, British Columbia | |
| Entering Port Alberni | |
| Motto: Bear Tracks And Lumberjacks | |
| Location of Port Alberni, British Columbia | |
| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Region | Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District |
| Incorporated | 1912 |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | Ken McRae |
| - Governing body | Port Alberni City Council |
| Population (2006) | |
| - Total | 17,548 |
| - Density | 881.0/km² (2,281.8/sq mi) |
| Time zone | PST (UTC-8) |
| Postal code span | |
| Highways | Highway 4 |
| Waterways | Sproat Lake, Alberni Inlet |
| Website: portalberni.ca | |
Port Alberni is a city located in the province of British Columbia in Canada. It is the seat of the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District. The city has a total population of 17,743, and the census agglomeration area a total of 25,396.
Port Alberni lies within the Alberni Valley at the head of the Alberni Inlet, Vancouver Island's longest inlet. The other end of the inlet is located on Barkley Sound, Clayoquot Sound. Port Alberni has been dubbed the "Salmon Capital of the World", a distinction also claimed by nearby Campbell River.
Port Alberni is the sister-city to Abashiri in northern Japan. Each year many students participate in student exchange programs between the two cities.
Contents |
[edit] History
Port Alberni was named for Captain Don Pedro de Alberni[1], a Spanish officer, who commanded the fort at Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island's west coast from 1790 to 1792.
In 1787, Captain Charles William Barkley of the Imperial Eagle, explored Barkley Sound that bears his name. Barkley traveled with his 17-year-old bride, Frances, the first European woman visit British Columbia. Frances Barkley is also the name of one of the two vessels that makes trips down the Alberni Inlet from Port Alberni to Bamfield and Ucluelet. The other is the MV Lady Rose.
In 1856, Adam Horne, a Scottish fur trader employed by the Hudson's Bay Company, was directed to locate a land route across Vancouver Island. There were stories that the natives used a trail starting at Qualicum. Adam Horne found this trail leading to the Alberni Valley and it became known as the Horne Lake Trail. Many other settlers used this trail to get to the Alberni Valley.
Rogers Creek, which flows through the centre of Port Alberni, was named after A.B. Rogers,the discover of Rogers Pass, when he surveyed in the Alberni Valley for the Canadian Pacific Railroad in the late 1800s.
In 1862, small-scale placer gold mining took place on China Creek; in the 1890s more gold mining took place along the Alberni Inlet at China Creek and Mineral Creek. Several gold veins were found. Exploration for gold continued over the years with peaks in 1930s and 1960s.
In 1912, Port Alberni was incorporated with the arrival of the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway, and planned arrival of the Canadian National Railway, and the Trans-Pacific telegraph cable at Bamfield. Mining took place on the Alberni Inlet and, as with many fish camps and outports, depended on Port Alberni as a base.
The forest industry was the dominant economic force, with western red cedar and Douglas-fir forests surrounding the valley. Large logging operators moved in, namely Bloedel, Stewart and Welch. Sawmills were built at Alberni, Great Central Lake, and the McLean Mill. By the second world war, plywood mills and a nascent pulp industry started. For the next forty years, the forest industry reigned supreme. MacMillan Bloedel Limited became the large lumber player in the valley. Then came industry modernization, business mergers, over-cutting, and nearby logging protests.
Port Alberni was once an industrial resource-dependent town, with logging and mining being the main economic drivers. Today, the town is also a major service centre for local, regional, and provincial governments, and a supply centre and hospital for west coast communities like Bamfield, Tofino, and Ucluelet. Currently, the natural resources of the area are taking center stage again, but in a different way. Port Alberni is in the process of "re-developing" itself as a tourism destination. The area's amenities, such as the natural beauty of the area, the opportunities for fishing (both marine and freshwater), its convenience as a jumping-off point for new outdoor recreation and ecotourism activities such as hiking, kayaking, and mountain-biking, lend themselves to these activities very well.
1920 - 1973 Alberni Residential School was established. Some say this was a big blot on race relations in Canada. The residential school system run by the United Church forcibly separated children from their families and communities. Many suffered physical and sexual abuse.
In 1955, the Alberni Athletics Senior A Men's Basketball Team had an outstanding year. The Alberni Athletics won the Canadian Senior Basketball Championships at home. A young Jim Robson honed is sports reporting skills doing the play-by-play on radio station CJAV. The Alberni Athletics were inducted into the BC Sports Hall of Fame in 2001.
In 1967, the neighbouring towns of Alberni (on the north) and Port Alberni (on the south) amalgamated to form the city of Port Alberni.
The Alberni Valley has an excellent museum and many ancillary attractions. Sproat Lake, located just outside of Port Alberni is the present home of the massive Martin Mars water bombers.
[edit] Geography
Located at the head of the Alberni Inlet, Port Alberni lies adjacent to this natural harbour as well as the Somass River. Sproat lake is located 10 km West of the city, and the valley is guarded by the snow covered peaks of Mount Arrowsmith and Mount Klitsa, and surrounded by mountains on all sides. Kuth-kah-chulth, is the Nuu-Chah-Nulth name for Mount Arrowsmith.
The city itself owes its unique layout to its former "twin city" status, due to its two official city centers, as well as the numerous creeks and ravines which bisect the townsite. The former city of Alberni is now dubbed "North Port", and is centered at Highway 4 and Gertrude Street. Visitors continuing onward to the west coast will pass this intersection, marked by the historic Alberni Post Office on the Southeast corner. Much of Port Alberni's recent development has occurred in the North Port area, especially "up the hill", east of the North Port downtown.
The former City of Port Alberni (now referred to as "South Port" or "Uptown") can be found about 3 km South on Gertrude Street/3rd Avenue. This business district has struggled over the past decade as it is quite removed from the highway. However, rejeuvenation efforts are being made to attract people to this historic neighborhood. In 2004, the Capitol Theatre, a local landmark in South Port, underwent extensive renovations and emerged as a stately yet modern relic of past times. This theatre now often hosts live performances. South Port is anchored by the Harbour Quay, a waterfront collection of shops and parks. The Port Alberni Railway station, as well as the Maritime Discovery Center can be found here.
The city's West End is an eclectic mix of new suburban style homes, large acreages, and two First Nations reserves. Much of the residential growth over the past decade has occurred in the city's West End, where the Westporte neighborhood has taken shape.
The creeks and ravines which cut through the city create natural barriers; Kitsuksis Creek, Cherry Creek, Roger Creek and Dry Creek each flow through the city, separating Port Alberni into several distinct areas.
[edit] Demographics
The total population of Port Alberni and surrounding suburbs consisting of both Cherry and Beaver Creek districts is 26,569 (as of the 2004 census conducted by Statistics Canada.) Over the course of ca. 30 years due to economic recession, the actual population has declined, but is not receding anymore due to a recent economic shift.
One major characteristic known is the twin city demographic, where previously there were the distinct Port Alberni and Alberni Valley municipalities, the remnants remain with two distinct city centers.
[edit] Economy
The chief source of employment in Port Alberni is the forest industry. The Alberni Valley's forests consist primarily of Douglas Fir, Hemlock, Yellow Cedar and Western Red Cedar. Most of the old growth forests have been logged with current logging coming from second growth forests. A large paper mill, Catalyst Paper, Port Alberni Division sits on the edge of the Alberni Inlet. There is also a lumber mill, Alberni Pacific Division, that also sits on the inlet. Several smaller sawmills exist throughout the valley. Some farming is also practiced on the Alberni Valley's red clay soils.
Forestry is still practiced, but over the years the forest industry discontinued selling the trees to local mills, leading to a major economic recession, and decrease in the population. The recession is being stopped with attempts to shift the focus onto tourism.
Port Alberni also serves as a hub for those travelling to the West Coast of Vancouver Island, including Ucluelet, Tofino and Pacific Rim National Park. As commodities tend to be much pricier in these remote areas, campers and travellers often do their shopping in Port Alberni before continuing their journey. This has resulted in rampant development along the Johnston Road (Highway 4) corridor, including several new big box retailers, grocery stores and strip mall developments. In the past five years, several eco-tourism companies have set up shop in the Alberni Valley, taking advantage of the city's location on the fringe of wilderness yet proximate location to Vancouver and Victoria.
[edit] Attractions
Port Alberni is lauded for its natural beauty, sitting beneath Mount Arrowsmith and almost completely surrounded by mountains. It is a 1.5 hour drive from Pacific Rim National Park. The city is also known for its fishing. Its waters contain five different species of salmon and yearly runs of steelhead. Halibut can also be found in the salt water inlets near the city.
The state-of-the-art Robertson Creek Fish Hatchery is the most successful hatchery on Vancouver Island, producing chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead smolts. It is located a short drive west of Port Alberni.[2]
Port Alberni is home to the McLean Mill National Historic Site which incorporates a steam railway from the downtown harbour to the saw mill up the valley. [3].
The world's largest Aerial firefighting flying boat, the Martin Mars water bombers, make their home on nearby Sproat Lake. This lake is also a popular summer destination for local residents and cottagers from surrounding areas.
Port Alberni is home to the Alberni Valley Bulldogs, a Junior A hockey team in the BCHL.
[edit] Hiking Trails around Port Alberni
Port Alberni has some of the best hiking on Vancouver Island. There are over 100 trails in and around the Alberni Valley, including mountain bike trails for all abilities. There is easy quick access to the alpine areas, including Mount Arrowsmith.
- Horne Lake Trail
- Log Train Trail
- Angler's Trail at Stamp River
- Rogers Creek Trail
- Labour Day Lake Trail
- Greenmax Anglers Trail
- China Creek Trail
- Climb Mount Arrowsmith
- Della Falls Trail
- Kitsukis Dyke Walking Path
- Old Forestry Lookout Trail
[edit] Transportation
Port Alberni Airport (YPB) is located 11 km north west of the city. The airport has a 4,000-foot runway with another 2,500 plus feet of taxiways and apron. The airport is home to a number of key tenants such as. Coulson Aircrane, Canadian Aero Technologies, Alberni Valley Flying Club and Vancouver Island Helicopters.
The Port Alberni Port Authority was created in 1999. Under the Canada Marine Act, the Port Alberni Port Authority is responsible for the Alberni Inlet from the Somass Riverto Tzartus Island.[4]
The main highway to Port Alberni is Highway 4, known locally as the Alberni Highway and the Pacific Rim Highway. It is the longest east-west main vehicle route on Vancouver Island, with a total length of 163 km (101 mi). The highway to Port Alberni was completed in 1942, and has been designated as Highway 4 since 1953. The highway starts at Qualicum Beach, then reaches Port Alberni from which it continues on to Tofino.
[edit] Famous People
- Miles Black was born 1966 in Port Alberni. He is a jazz pianist and New Age musician
- Kim Campbell was born in Port Alberni and was the nineteenth Prime Minister of Canada from 25 June to 4 November 1993. She is, to date, the only woman to have ever held this office.
- George Clutesi was born in Port Alberni in 1905. He became a Tseshaht artist, actor and writer as well as an expert on and spokesman for Native American culture. In 1959, he received the British Columbia Centennial Award and the Canada Centennial Medal in 1967.[2] Mr. Clutesi was commissioned to paint a mural for Expo 67. Emily Carr was so impressed with his work that in her will she left him her brushes, oils and unused canvases. He died in Victoria in 1988. [3]
- Paul Cyr was born in Port Alberni and was drafted into the NHL by the Buffalo Sabres in the first round (9th overall) in 1982.
- Milena Gaiga was born in Port Alberni, on August 30, 1964, and played for the Canada women's national field hockey team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
- Rick Hansen was born in Port Alberni (1957-) and is a Canadian paraplegic athlete and activist for people with spinal cord injuries who is most famous for his Man in Motion world tour to raise money for the cause and show the physical capabilities of such people.
- Geri Ann Karlstrom (born in Port Alberni 1952) is a Canadian singer and songwriter who has written and recorded four albums and toured widely throughout the U.S. and Canada.
- Thom Kyle (production editor), born in Port Alberni
- Sky Lee (born 1952) is a Canadian artist and novelist. Born in Port Alberni, British Columbia, Lee has published both feminist fiction and non-fiction.
- Bryce McLaughlin (actor, producer, casting director), born in Port Alberni
- Kenneth Oppel (writer), award winning writer was born in Port Alberni
- Rob Shick was born in Port Alberni (1957-) And has been with the NHL as an official since September 1st, 1984
- Scott Vickaryous (actor), born in Port Alberni
- K. Haggard (athlete), women's hockey
- Dakota Morton (radio host), Youngest radio host Dakota Morton (born in Canada June 12, 1988) created the record and set it on January 16, 1999 at the age of 10 years 218 days. Record was awarded while Dakota was hosting his radio show at CJAV radio in Port Alberni. Guinness World Records 2005 Special 50th Anniversary Edition ISBN 0 9735514 0 2
[edit] Local News Sites & Community Web Forums
- CJAV-FM (known on-air as "The Peak") is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting from Port Alberni, British Columbia at 93.3 FM
- Alberni Underground - http://www.alberni.info
- Alberni Valley News - http://www.albernivalleynews.com
- Alberni Valley Times - http://www.canada.com/vancouverisland/albernivalleytimes
- Alberni Online - http://www.alberni.ca
[edit] References
- ^ Archer, Christon. ALBERNI, PEDRO DE. Library and Archives Canada.
- ^ Native American Authors: George Clutesi. Online October 9, 2007
- ^ GEORGE CLUTESI - FIRST NATION'S ART IN B.C.- BC ARCHIVES TIME MACHINE. Online. October 9, 2007
- Community Profile: Port Alberni (City), British Columbia; Statistics Canada
- Community Profile: Port Alberni (Census Agglomeration), British Columbia; Statistics Canada
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