Perm
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| Perm (English) Пермь (Russian) | |
|---|---|
| Image:Perm, Sibirskay Street, 6.jpg Sibirskaya Street | |
| Image:Perm in Russia.png Perm on the map of Russia | |
| Coordinates Coordinates: | |
| Coat of Arms | Flag |
| Image:Coat of Arms of Perm.png | Image:Flag of Perm.png |
| City Day: June 12 | |
| Administrative status | |
| Federal subject In jurisdiction of Administrative center of | Perm Krai Perm Krai Perm Krai, Permsky District |
| Local self-government | |
| Charter | Charter of Perm |
| Municipal status | Urban okrug |
| City Head | Igor Shubin |
| Legislative body | City Duma |
| Area | |
| Area | 799.68 km² (308.8 sq mi) |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population - Rank - Density | 1,001,653 inhabitants 13th 1,252.6/km² (3,244.2/sq mi) |
| Events | |
| Founded | May 15, 1723 |
| Town status | October 29, 1781 |
| Renamed Molotov | 1940 |
| Renamed Perm | October 2, 1957 |
| Other information | |
| Postal code | 614xxx |
| Dialing code | +7 342 |
| Official website | |
| http://www.gorodperm.ru/ | |
Perm (Russian: Пермь, pronounced [pʲɛrʲmʲ]) is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia. It is situated on the banks of the Kama River, at the foot of the Ural Mountains.
Perm is one of the largest cities in Russia, thirteenth most populous, with 976,116 (2006 est.) inhabitants, down from 1,001,653 recorded in 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census. The city is served by Bolshoye Savino Airport but also hosts Bakharevka air base.
In geology, the Permian period takes its name from the region.
Contents |
[edit] History
During the early Middle Ages, the region of Perm was populated by pagan Finno-Ugric tribes who lived to the southeast of the legendary Bjarmaland and northeast of Volga Bulgaria. Between the 13th and 14th centuries, Russian fur traders and Christian missionaries from Novgorod and later Moscow founded first settlements in the area. Saint Stephen of Perm is credited with the conversion of the local population to Christianity in the late 14th century. In the 15th century, the Perm region, because of its highly profitable fur trade, was an object of a bitter rivalry between Novgorod and Moscow, and in 1472 Perm was finally annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, soldiers, merchants, Christian monks, and priests were followed by Tsarist administration officials and peasant settlers from the western Russia.
Perm was first mentioned as a village, Yegoshikha, in 1647; however, the history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter I of Russia. Vasily Tatishchev, appointed by the Tsar as a chief manager of Ural factories, founded Perm together with another major center of the Ural region, Yekaterinburg.
Perm was founded on May 15 (May 4 in Julian calendar), 1723, and has had town status since 1781. By 1797, it was already an administrative center of the gubernia with the same name.
In the 19th century, Perm became a major trade and industrial center with a population of more than 20,000 people in the 1860s, with several metallurgy, paper, and steamboat producing factories, including one owned by a British entrepreneur. In 1870, an opera theatre was opened in the city, and in 1871 the first phosphoric factory in Russia was built. In 1916, Perm State University—a major educational institution in modern Russia—was opened.
After the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, Perm became a prime target for both sides because of its military munitions factories. In December 1918 the Siberian White Army under Anatoly Pepelyayev (who acknowledged the authority of the Omsk Government of Aleksandr Kolchak), took Perm. In 1919 the city was retaken by the Red Army.
Grand Duke Mikail Alexandrovich was executed in the outskirts of Perm with his secretary Nicholas Johnson on June 12, 1918 on the orders of the Perm Cheka. Their bodies were never recovered. A few weeks later on July 7, 1918, Andronic Nikolsky, the Archbishop Of Perm, was also murdered by the Bolsheviks in the city. In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church glorified him as Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop Of Perm, one of the Russian New Martyrs and Confessors.
In the 1930s, Perm grew as a major industrial city, and aviation, shipbuilding, and chemical factories were built there. The process continued after the 1940s and virtually every major industry became represented by numerous factories in Perm. To this day almost 80% of the city's population is employed in manufacturing. During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Perm was a vital center of tank production in the Soviet Union.
From 1940 until 1957 the city was named Molotov (Мо́лотов), after Vyacheslav Molotov.
[edit] Administrative divisions
Perm is divided into seven city districts:
| City District | Population (2002 Census) |
|---|---|
| Dzerzhinsky (Дзержи́нский) | 153,403 |
| Industrialny (Индустриа́льный) | 160,039 |
| Kirovsky (Ки́ровский) | 126,960 |
| Leninsky (Ле́нинский) | 57,569 |
| Motovilikhinsky (Мотови́лихинский) | 176,564 |
| Ordzhonikidzevsky (Орджоники́дзевский) | 111,631 |
| Sverdlovsky (Свердло́вский) | 215,487 |
[edit] Notable citizens
The following people were either born in Perm or made names for themselves while residing there.
- Viktor Petrovich Astafiyev, a Russian writer of short stories and novels;
- Nikita Belykh, a Russian opposition politician and the leader of the Union of Right Forces party;
- Tatiana Borodina, opera soprano;
- Sergei Diaghilev, ballet impresario;
- Alexey Victorovich Ivanov, a modern Russian writer;
- Fyodor Gral, a doctor.
- Alexandra Kosteniuk, chess Grandmaster;
- Pyotr Latyshev, the Presidential Envoy to Urals Federal District, Russia;
- Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak, a Russian author;
- Nikolai Moiseev, a astronomer;
- Fyodor Petrov was a Soviet artillery designer;
- Victor Pokhmelkin, a Russian opposition politician;
- Alexander Stepanovich Popov, physicist who was the first to demonstrate the practical application of electromagnetic waves (radio);
- Fyodor Mikhaylovich Reshetnikov, a Russian author;
- Arkadiy Dmitrievich Shvetsov, a Soviet aircraft engine designer;
- Nikolai Slavyanov, the inventor of new method in arc welding;
- Vassily Solomin, a boxer;
- Peter Berngardovich Struve, a Russian political economist, philosopher and editor;
- Pyotr Subbotin-Permyak was a Russian avant-gardist painter, the professor of decorative painting;
- Tatyana Tomashova, middle distance runner;
- Tatiana Totmianina, a pairs figure skater. The 2006 Olympic Champion;
- Yuri Trutnev, a Minister of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation;
- Andrey Nikoforovich Voronikhin, a Russian architect and painter. As a representative of classicism he was also one of the founders of the monumental Russian Empire style;
- Konstantin Zyryanov, a Russian footballer.
[edit] Modern city
The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center. The leading industries include machinery, defence, oil production (about 3% of Russian output), oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, timber and wood processing and the food industry.
[edit] Education
Perm is a home to several major universities including Perm State University [1], Perm State Technical University [2], Perm State Teachers' Training University, Perm State Medical Academy [3], Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy [4], Perm State Agricultural Academy, The Institute of Art and Culture, and Perm State Choreographic School[5]. There are also three military schools in Perm.
[edit] Transport
Perm is an important railway junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway with lines radiating to Central Russia, north part of Ural, far east of Russia. Kama River is an important link in the unifying deep-water system of the European part of Russia. The river connects city with European water-routes. It is possible to ship cargo from Kama river area to the sea ports of White, Baltic, Azov, Black and Caspian seas without reloading. [1]
There is one international airport in Perm Bolshoye Savino (Big Savino). Perm is also served by the smaller Airport "Bakharevka".
Perm's public transit network includes streetcar (tram), bus, and trolleybus routes.
[edit] Sister cities
Perm is the sister city of (twinned with):
- Image:Flag of the United States.svg Louisville, Kentucky, United States (1994)
- Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Oxford, United Kingdom (1995)
- Image:Flag of Germany.svg Duisburg, Germany (2007)
[edit] Sport
- FC Amkar Perm, the football club based in Perm, playing in the Russian Premier League
- Molot-Prikame Perm, ice hockey club playing in the Russian Hockey Super League
- PBC Ural Great, the basketball club based in Perm, playing in the Russian Basketball Super League
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Transport infrastructure — Perm regional server.
[edit] External links
- Perm regional server
- The Official Website of the Perm Municipal Duma
- Official website
- The heritage of Perm Region
- Perm Chamber of Commerce and Industry
- The Western Ural Photographic Album
- Virtual museum of Romanov in Perm
- History of Perm
- Perm and Perm Region Information on Kommersant Publishing webpage (also, see all other Russian subjects of the Federation)
- The city of Perm - The poem of the town
- Perm State University
- Perm for travelers Sights of Perm and Perm's region
- General info on the city of Perm
| Cities and towns in Perm Krai | Image:Perm Oblast Flag.gif |
| Administrative center: Perm Alexandrovsk | Berezniki | Chaykovsky | Cherdyn | Chermoz | Chernushka | Chusovoy | Dobryanka | Gornozavodsk | Gremyachinsk | Gubakha | Kizel | Krasnokamsk | Krasnovishersk | Kudymkar | Kungur | Lysva | Nytva | Ochyor | Okhansk | Osa | Solikamsk | Usolye | Vereshchagino |
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