Paul du Chaillu

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Paul du Chaillu (July 31, 1835 – April 29, 1903), traveller and anthropologist, was born in either Paris or New Orleans (accounts conflict). (According to his friend Edward Clodd, who refers to this confusion and includes in it also New York, du Chaillu's true birthplace was the island of Bourbon (Réunion)). In his youth he accompanied his father, a French trader in the employment of a Parisian firm, to the west coast of Africa. Here, at a station on the Gabun, the boy received some education from missionaries, and acquired an interest in and knowledge of the country, its natural history, and its natives, which guided him to his subsequent career. In 1852 he exhibited this knowledge in the New York press.

He was sent in 1855 by the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia on an African expedition. Until 1859 he regularly explored the regions of West Africa in the neighborhood of the equator, gaining considerable knowledge of the delta of the Ogowe River and the estuary of the Gabun. During his travels he saw numbers of the great anthropoid apes called the gorilla (possibly the great ape described by Carthaginian navigators), then known to scientists only by a few skeletons, allowing him to market himself as the first white to have seen a gorilla.

A subsequent expedition, from 1863 to 1865, enabled him to confirm the accounts given by the ancients of a pygmy people inhabiting the African forests. Du Chaillu sold his hunted gorillas to the Natural History Museum in London and his "cannibal skulls" to other European collections. (A fine cased group shot by du Chaillu may be seen in Ipswich Museum in Suffolk, England.) Narratives of both expeditions were published, in 1861 and 1867 respectively, under the titles Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa, with Accounts of the Manners and Customs of the People, and of the Chace of the Gorilla, Crocodile, and other Animals; and A Journey to Ashango-land, and further penetration into Equatorial Africa. While in Ashango Land in 1865 he was elected King of the Apingi tribe.

At the time, he was in great demand on the public lecture circuits of New York, London and Paris. His first work excited much controversy on the score of its veracity, but subsequent investigation proved the correctness of du Chaillu's statements as to the facts of natural history; though possibly some of the adventures he described as happening to himself were reproductions of the hunting stories of natives (see Proc. Zool. Soc. vol. i., 1905, p. 66). The map accompanying Ashango-land was of unique value, but the explorer's photographs and collections were lost when he was forced to flee from the hostility of the natives.

After some years residence in America, during which he wrote several books for the young founded upon his African adventures, du Chaillu turned his attention to northern Europe. After a visit to northern Norway in 1871, over the following five years he made a study of customs and antiquities in Sweden, Norway, Lapland and Northern Finland. He published in 1881 The Land of the Midnight Sun (dedicated to his friend Robert Winthrop of New York), as a series of Summer and Winter Journeys, in two volumes.

His 1889 work The Viking Age (also in two volumes) was a very broad study of the prehistoric antiquities of the Scandivian peninsula from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages (including literary remains), and demonstrating what is now generally recognised, the important Norse and Swedish cultural dimension to the Germanic settlements of Britain during the fifth to seventh centuries. This view was then unfamiliar and was ridiculed by Canon Isaac Taylor. This book (in two volumes) is now a very collectible item, as long as it is in good condition: there are two versions of the book known, one bound in a dark binding, the other in cloth-bound hardback with gold tooling. In 1900 he also published The Land of the Long Night.

Paul was a friend of Edward Clodd and was present at one of his Whitsun gatherings at Strafford House, Aldeburgh, Suffolk in company with John Rhys, Grant Allen, York Powell and Joseph Thomson.

He died following a stroke of paralysis at St. Petersburg, while on his way home from Russia.

[edit] References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Anon, Obituary of Paul du Chaillu, The Times, 1 May 1903.
• E. Clodd, Memories (London, Watts & co 1926), 71-74 & Pl. (portrait photo by Elliott & Fry).
• R.A.D. Markham, A Rhino in High Street (Ipswich 1991). (Illustration of gorillas).de:Paul Belloni Du Chaillu

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