Pakistan Movement
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Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (Urdu: تحریک پاکستان) is a name given to the Movement carried out by the Muslims of British India to create a separate homeland in fear of losing their dominance over the Hindu majority. This struggle was led by the Muslim League and resulted in the partition of the British Empire in India. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was head of the movement. The other Muslim League leaders were: Allama Iqbal, Liaqat Ali Khan, Fatima Jinnah, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, A.K. Fazlul Huq, and Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar.
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The Pakistan Resolution was passed in 1940 at Lahore. Muslim League made this resolution its main objective in its election campaigns. Soon after World War II, the United Kingdom was convinced that keeping their colonies in South Asia was no longer possible, as the United Kingdom itself was economically shattered by the war. By 1947, British India was divided into a Muslim majority Pakistan and a Hindu majority India.
The idea of Pakistan was presented by Allama Muhammad Iqbal in 1930. Iqbal asked Jinnah to focus his energies towards getting an independent homeland for the Muslims of South Asia. The name was proposed by Choudhary Rahmat Ali in his Pakistan Declaration[1] in 1933. Jinnah stated that "the Pakistan Movement started when the first Muslim put his foot on the soil of Sindh, the Gateway of Islam in India."[2]
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[edit] Timeline
[edit] Statements and Sayings
| “ | I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State. Self-government within the British Empire, or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.[3] | ” |
| “ | At this solemn hour in the history of India, when British and Indian statesmen are laying the foundations of a Federal Constitution for that land, we address this appeal to you, in the name of our common heritage, on behalf of our thirty million Muslim brethren who live in Pakistan - by which we mean the five Northern units of India, Viz: Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan - for your sympathy and support in our grim and fateful struggle against political crucifixion and complete annihilation.[1] | ” |
| “ | It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. They are not religious in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders, and it is a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality, and this misconception of one Indian nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither intermarry nor interdine together and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspect on life and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Mussalmans derive their inspiration from different sources of history. They have different epics, different heroes, and different episodes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other and, likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built for the government of such a state.” [4] | ” |
[edit] References
- ^ a b Choudhary Rahmat Ali, (1933), Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?, pamphlet, published 28 January. (Rehmat Ali then was an undergraduate at the University of Cambridge)
- ^ Independence Movement Through Ages.
- ^ Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s 1930 Presidential Address, from Columbia University site
- ^ Excerpt from the Presidential Address delivered by Quaid-e-Azam at Lahore, March 22-23, 1940, Nazariapak.info
[edit] Other Leaders
[edit] See also
- A Short History of Pakistan an edited book by I H Qureshi
- History of Pakistan
- Pakistan Resolution
- National Monument, Islamabad
[edit] External links
- Important Events at a Glance (1857 to 1947). Nazariapak.info.
- Pakistan Movement. Pioneers of Freedom.
- The Pakistan Movement. Story of Pakistan website.
- Iqbal and the Pakistan Movement. Iqbal Academy Pakistan.
- History of Pakistan Movement. Azadi2000.
- The Pakistan Movement (Picture Gallery). Pakistan.gov.
