Octane
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| Thermodynamic data | |
|---|---|
| Image:Octane.png | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| RTECS number | RG8400000 |
| SMILES | CCCCCCCC |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C8H18 |
| Molar mass | 114.2285 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.703 g/ml, liquid |
| Melting point |
−57 °C (216 K) |
| Boiling point |
125.52 °C (398.7 K) |
| Solubility in water | Immiscible |
| Viscosity | 0.542 cP at 20 °C |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH | −250 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH | −5430 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Flammable (F) Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R11, R38, R50/53, R65, R67 |
| S-phrases | (S2), S9, S16, S29, S33, S60, S61, S62 |
| Flash point | 13 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 220 °C |
| Related Compounds | |
| Related alkanes | Heptane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Octane is an alkane with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. It has 18 isomers.
One of the isomers, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane or isooctane, is of major importance, as it has been selected as the 100 point on the octane rating scale, with n-heptane as the zero point. Octane ratings are ratings used to represent the anti-knock performance of petroleum-based fuels (octane is less likely to prematurely combust under pressure than heptane), given as the percentage of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in an 2,2,4-trimethylpentane / n-heptane mixture that would have the same performance. It is an important constituent of gasoline.
Octane has 18 isomers:
- Octane (n-octane)
- 2-Methylheptane
- 3-Methylheptane (chiral)
- 4-Methylheptane
- 3-Ethylhexane
- 2,2-Dimethylhexane
- 2,3-Dimethylhexane (chiral)
- 2,4-Dimethylhexane (chiral)
- 2,5-Dimethylhexane
- 3,3-Dimethylhexane
- 3,4-Dimethylhexane (chiral, or meso compound)
- 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
- 3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane
- 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane (chiral)
- 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (isooctane)
- 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
- 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
- 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
[edit] References
| This article does not cite any references or sources. (October 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
[edit] External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 0933 (n-octane)
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0470
- Material Safety Data Sheet for Octane
- Phytochemical database entry
- Chemical and physical properties table
Alkanes |
|---|
| Methane ( CH4 ) • Ethane ( C2H6 ) • Propane ( C3H8 ) • Butane ( C4H10 ) • Pentane ( C5H12 ) • Hexane ( C6H14 ) • Heptane ( C7H16 ) •Octane ( C8H18 ) • Nonane ( C9H20 ) • Decane ( C10H22 ) • Undecane ( C11H24 ) • Dodecane ( C12H26 ) |
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