Nynorsk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Norwegian norsk | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Norway (including Svalbard and Jan Mayen) and by people in Scandinavian settlements in the United States.[2][3] | |
| Total speakers: | 4.7 million[4] | |
| Ranking: | 111 | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Germanic North Germanic West Scandinavian[5] Norwegian | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in: | Image:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Image:Flag of the Nordic Council.svg Nordic Council | |
| Regulated by: | Norwegian Language Council | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | no — Norwegian nb — Bokmål nn — Nynorsk | |
| ISO 639-2: | nor — Norwegian nob — Bokmål nno — Nynorsk | |
| ISO 639-3: | variously: nor — Norwegian nob — Bokmål nno — Nynorsk | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Nynorsk (lit. "New Norwegian") is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. Just above 10% of the Norwegian population use Nynorsk as their primary written language.[1]
Nynorsk is based on Norwegian dialects and was created by Ivar Aasen during the 1800s to provide a Norwegian alternative to the Danish language (upon which Bokmål is based) which was commonly written in Norway at the time.
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[edit] Writing and speech
Spoken Norwegian, Swedish and Danish form a continuum of mutually intelligible dialects and sociolects, linguistically speaking forming a common continental Scandinavian language. Nynorsk is the smallest of the four major written standards within this broad speech community alongside Norwegian Bokmål, Swedish and Danish.
There is no codified standard for spoken Nynorsk, but it is used in broadcasting, on stage, and by a few individuals. This in contrast to Bokmål, which has a larger spoken basis in Standard Østnorsk. However, most Norwegians do not speak Standard Østnorsk, but other Norwegian dialects. Nynorsk supporters widely regard these dialects as the spoken basis for Nynorsk, even if the majority of dialect speakers use Bokmål in writing. As such, Nynorsk is not a minority language, though it shares many of the problems that minority languages face.
Each municipality can declare one of the two languages as its official language, or it can remain "language neutral". 27% of the municipalities making up 12% of the population have declared Nynorsk as their official language. The main language used in primary schools normally follows the official language of its municipality, and is decided by referendum within the local school district. There is a general trend over the years that the number of schools and pupils selecting Nynorsk decreases, even in Nynorsk municipalities. At present (2006), fewer than 14% of pupils in primary school are taught in Nynorsk.[1]
The prevailing regions for Nynorsk are the western counties of Rogaland, Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane and Møre og Romsdal, in addition to the western/northern parts of Oppland, Buskerud, Telemark, Aust- and Vest-Agder, where an estimated 50% of the population writes Nynorsk. The usage in the rest of Norway is scarce (< 1%), which also includes the major cities and urban areas - even in the above stated areas.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Språkstatistikk – nokre nøkkeltal for norsk. Retrieved on 2007-09-12.
- ^ Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000). The Phonology of Norwegian. Oxford University Press, 1. ISBN 9780198237655.
- ^ http://www.usenglish.org/foundation/research/lia/languages/norwegian.pdf
- ^ Statistics Norway. Retrieved on 2007-09-17.
- ^ Henriksen, Petter (ed.); Aschehoug og Gyldendals Store norske leksikon, 11 Nar-Pd; Kunnskapsforlaget; Oslo; 1998; ISBN 82-573-0703-3
[edit] External links
- Noregs Mållag Noregs Mållag is the major organization promoting Nynorsk.
- Norsk Målungdom Norsk Målungdom is Noregs Mållag's youth organization.
- Ivar Aasen-tunet The Ivar Aasen Centre is a national centre for documenting and experiencing the Nynorsk written culture, and the only museum in the country devoted to Ivar Aasen's life and work.
- Norsk programvareblogg computer programmes in Nynorsk.
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