New England's Dark Day
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May 19, 1780 was dubbed New England's Dark Day, when an unusual darkening of the day sky was observed over the New England states and parts of Canada. This very probably was due to a combination of smoke from forest fires, a thick fog, and cloud cover. The darkness was so complete that candles were required from noon until midnight[1] and did not disperse until the middle of the next night[2].
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[edit] Range of the Darkness
According to Professor Samuel Williams of Harvard College, the Darkness was seen at least as far north as Portland, Maine, and extended southwards to New Jersey. The Darkness was not witnessed in Pennsylvania.[3]
[edit] Progress
The earliest report of the darkness came from Rupert, New York, where the Sun was already obscured at sunrise.
Professor Samuel Williams observed from Cambridge that "This extraordinary darknefs (sic) came on between the hours of 10 and 11 A. M. and continued till the middle of the next night." [4]
Reverend Ebenezer Parkham, of Westborough, Massachusetts, reported peak obscurity to occur "by 12," but did not record the time when the obscuration first arrived.
At Harvard College, the obscuration was reported to arrive at 10:30 AM, peaking at 12:45 PM, and abating by 1:10 PM, though a heavy overcast remained for the rest of the day.
The obscuration was not reported to reach Barnstable, MA until 2:00 PM, and peak obscurity there was reported to occur at 5:30 PM. [5]
[edit] Other atmospheric phenomena
For several days before the Dark Day, the Sun as viewed from New England appeared to be red, and the sky appeared yellow.[6][7] While the Darkness was present, soot was observed to be collected in rivers and in rain water[8], suggesting the presence of smoke. For portions of New England, the morning of May 19, 1780 was characterised by rain,[9] indicating that cloud cover was present.
[edit] Religious Interpretations
Since communications technology of the day was very primitive, most people found the darkness to be baffling and inexplicable. Therefore, they applied religious interpretations to the event[10]. The Dark Day of 1780 was, and still is, regarded as a supernatural event caused by the Judeo-Christian god Yahweh.
In Connecticut, a member of the legislature, Abraham Davenport, became most famous for his response to his colleagues' fears that it was the Day of Judgment:
| “ | I choose, for one, to meet Him face to face, No faithless servant frightened from my task, But ready when the Lord of the harvest calls; And therefore, with all reverence, I would say, Let God do His work, we will see to ours. Bring in the candles.[11] | ” |
Davenport's courage was commemorated in the poem "Abraham Davenport" by John Greenleaf Whittier.
Today, it is widely believed within Christian churches, especially among Seventh Day Adventists following interpretations of the event by Ellen G. White, that the Dark Day was a fulfillment of end-times prophecy[12][13][14]
[edit] References
- ^ "New England's Dark Day," The Weather Doctor Almanac 2004, http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/almanac/arc2004/alm04may.htm
- ^ "An Account of a very uncommon Darknefs, in the State of New England, May 19, 1780" in The Analytical Review, Or History of Literature, Domestic and Foreign, on an Enlarged Plan p. 519.
- ^ "New England's Dark Day," The Weather Doctor Almanac 2004, http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/almanac/arc2004/alm04may.htm
- ^ "An Account of a very uncommon Darknefs, in the State of New England, May 19, 1780" in The Analytical Review, Or History of Literature, Domestic and Foreign, on an Enlarged Plan p. 519.
- ^ "New England's Dark Day," The Weather Doctor Almanac 2004, http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/almanac/arc2004/alm04may.htm
- ^ "The Dark Day" in The Weather Notebook, http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2002/10/03.php
- ^ "New England's Dark Day," The Weather Doctor Almanac 2004, http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/almanac/arc2004/alm04may.htm
- ^ Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society p. 193
- ^ "New England's Dark Day," The Weather Doctor Almanac 2004, http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/almanac/arc2004/alm04may.htm
- ^ Mark well the gloom: Shedding light on the great dark day of 1780 http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/eh/12.1/campanella.html
- ^ Strangely Enough, C. B. Colby, Oak Tree Press, Sydney, 1959 ISBN 0-8069-3918-4, p29
- ^ Bible Universe http://www.bibleuniverse.com/prophecy/sun_darkness.asp
- ^ The Dark Day http://www.bibleprophecytruth.com/JesusChrist/thedarkday.asp
- ^ Seventh-day Adventist eschatology.
[edit] External links
- May 2004 Weather Almanac entry
- Joseph Dow's history of Hampton entry
- "Abraham Davenport & The Dark Day" at The Stamford Historical Society
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