Navi Mumbai
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| ?Navi Mumbai Mumbai • Maharashtra • India | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation | 163 km² (63 sq mi) • 10 m (33 ft) |
| District(s) | Thane, Raigad District |
| Population • Density | 1,600,000 (2001) • 4,332/km² (11,220/sq mi) |
| Municipal commissioner | Vijay Nahata |
| Mayor | Mrs. Anjani Prabhakar Bhoir |
| Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle | • 400 xxx • +022 • MH-43, MH-06 |
| Website: www.nmmconline.com | |
Navi Mumbai (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: Navi Muṃbaī) (erstwhile: New Bombay) is a twin of Mumbai city, India. It was established in 1972, as a new planned city. It is the largest planned new city in the world, with a total area of 344 km² and 163 km² under the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation[1]. Navi Mumbai lies on the mainland on the eastern seaboard of the Thane Creek. The city limits stretch from Airoli near Thane in the north, to Uran in the south. The length of the city is almost the same as that of Mumbai. The Vashi and the Airoli bridges connect Navi Mumbai to Mumbai. There is a new railway link from Vashi/Nerul to Thane via Airoli, Ghansoli, and Kopar Khairane, and one between Panvel and Karjat.A new link between Nerul and Uran is under construction. The costliest and the most developed nodes of the city are Vashi and Nerul.Vashi is the King of Navi Mumbai while Nerul is know as the queen of Navi Mumbai. Navi Mumbai has a population of 1.6mil out of which 0.5mil come from Nerul and 0.4mil from Vashi and rest population comes from Belapur,Kharghar and Koparkhairne and surrounding areas. Navi Mumbai is a part of the Mumbai Conurbation.NMMC is also rated amongst the richest corporations in Asia.
Contents |
[edit] History
The region was part of the kingdom of Ashoka and then various Hindu rulers of the Silhara dynasty until 1343, when it was annexed by the kingdom of Gujarat. In 1534, the Portuguese took the region from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. It remained in their hands until 1661, when it was ceded as the dowry of Catherine de Braganza to Charles II of England. He, in turn, leased it to the British East India Company in 1668 for £10 per annum.
[edit] Planned city
The first post-independence development plan for Bombay, formulated by the Mayer-Modak Committee in 1948, suggested satellite towns to Mumbai (then Bombay).Ten years later in March 1958, the Study group on Greater Bombay set up under the chairmanship of Mr. S. G.Barve was set up. In February 1959 committee suggested the formation of a township on the mainland across the Thane Creek to decongest Bombay. One of its major recommendations was that a rail-cum-road bridge be built across the Thane Creek to connect peninsular Bombay with the mainland. The bridge accelerated development across the Creek, relieving pressure on the city's railways and roadways, and attracted industrial and residential concentrations eastward to the mainland.
Barve Group recommendations were accepted by Government of Maharashtra in July 1964. A new committee chaired by Prof. D.R. Gadgil, then Director of the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune in March, 1965 was asked to form broad principles of regional planning. The Gadgil Committee strongly recommended a of a new town across the harbour.[2]
In March 1966 the Gadgil Committee recommended regional planning legislation and regional planning boards. In January 1967 Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act 1966 was passed. July 1967 Bombay Metropolitan and Regional Planning Board was constituted under the chairmanship of an ICS officer L.G. Rajwade. The committee published the Draft Plan with recommendations to set up a new metro-centre or New Bombay now called Navi Mumbai across the creek. This proposal was accepted by the Bombay Municipal Corporation as the new twin city designed within the Bombay Metropolitan region to facilitate the decongestion of Bombay.
On 17 March 1970 under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 CIDCO was incorporated. Its sole purpose was to plan, develop and maintain the township of Navi Mumbai. Privately owned land covering 86 villages and measuring 15,954 ha. within the present limits of Navi Mumbai and further villages, measuring 2,870 ha were acquired the Government of Maharashtra.
In 1973 the Vashi Bridge was opened to the public for residents of Vashi, Belapur and Nerul. Sion- Panvel highway was built to reduce the time taken to travel from Sion to Panvel. Initially the response to the new city was low, major changes took place only after 1990 with the commissioning of the wholesale agricultural produce market at Vashi and the construction of a commuter railway line from Mankhurd to Vashi in May 1992. These developments caused a sudden growth in economic activities and population in Navi Mumbai.
By the end of the 1990s, the planning authority of Navi Mumbai initiated private participation in the developmental activity of Navi Mumbai
Some of the old and more populated nodes are Airoli, Vashi, Nerul and Belapur. Some of the more recent Node developments include Kharghar and New Panvel.
A couple of recent developments include a 1.5 mile long Airoli Bridge over the Thane creek between Airoli and Mulund - an eastern suburb of Mumbai city.
[edit] Diffrent From Mumbai
- Literacy level of Navi Mumbai is 96%
- The average family income in Navi Mumbai is Rs. 9549/month as against Rs. 5000/month (est.) in Mumbai. It is higher than that of Mumbai. It is highest in Vashi with Rs. 12,349/month.
- Average family size is 4.05 persons as against 4.85 in Mumbai.
- Majority population of Navi Mumbai is young. 28% is in the age group of upto 15 years, 55% is in the age group of 15-44 years and 13% in the age group of 45 to 59 years.
- Navi Mumbai has become self sufficient in `higher education facilities' only 4% students go to Mumbai for higher studies.
- 67% of the surveyed families staying in Ownership houses.
- Out of the surveyed households, 43% have come from Greater Mumbai
[edit] The new city dawns
CIDCO was formed on 17 March 1971 and was given the mandate of converting about 344 km². of marshy land lying between village Dighe in Thane district and Kalundre village of Raigad district into a new city. It consisted of 150 km creek line of the total 720 km of the Konkan coast. The villagers under this area lived a calm life much different from the life in the neighbouring city of Mumbai (then called Bombay). CIDCO carved out 14 nodes - small townships - of the land with a view to facilitate comprehensive development and to give it an identity of new city. These nodes are named Airoli, Ghansoli, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Sanpada, Nerul, CBD Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Jui Kamothe, New Panvel, Ulwe, Pushpak and Dronagiri. CIDCO acquired 193.94 km² land of which 141.05 km² was private land, including about 22.92 km² salt-pan land and 52.89 km² government land. By the year 2000 CIDCO had developed about 117.60 km² of land. Of this land 54.45 km² is saleable under various land uses. CIDCO has sold about 21.90 km² leaving a balance land for sale about 32.58 km² under various land uses.
CIDCO had constructed all the railway stations in Navi Mumbai in a planned way and used the space for commercial purpose as well. as can be seen from the Nerul Railway station photo, all stations are nicely built.
[edit] Administration
[edit] CIDCO
When Navi Mumbai was created in 1970s CIDCO was the only authority that looked after the development and maintenance of the city. CIDCO prepared developmental plan for Navi Mumbai covering 95 villages from Thane and Raigad district. For the first ten years of the project CIDCO acted as the planning and administrative body, as well as the developer and builder for the project. Tax on property, land, commercial, water were payable to CIDCO. The 14 nodes which CIDCO created where named Airoli, Ghansoli, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Sanpada, Nerul, CBD Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Kamothe, New Panvel, Ulwe, Pushpak and Dronagiri. Each of the nodes is divided into groups. These groups are blocks of one or more sector in each of the node. Initially only Vashi, Nerul, CBD Belapur, Airoli were developed buy CIDCO and build infracture for Housing, School, community centre roads. But after the arrival of Harbour Line in 1990s there was increrase in population. CIDCO shifted its development plan to nodes like Kharghar, New Panvel, Airoli, Ghansoli, Kopar Khairane. In its new development plan CIDCO Land was allocated lands to builders for housing according to the drawn plane. CIDCO only provided basic infra structure like roads, water, electricity and these nodes were developed mostly by private builders according to CICCO plan.
[edit] NMMC
In 17 December 1991 Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) was constituted by the State Government for maintaining some of the developed nodes of Navi Mumbai. The local self-government started functioning from 1 January 1992 .NMMC was handed 9 of the 25 nodes of the Navi Mumbai project area for its jurisdiction. However, CIDCO, as a Planning Authority has a right on the open plots in these five nodes.[3] The 9 nodes are - Belapur, Nerul, Vashi, Turbhe, Koperkhairane, Ghansoli, Airoli, Digha, Dahisar on 1 st January 1998 with all ready physical and social infrastructure.[4]
The municipal corporation is headed by Municipal commissioner and an elected Mayor There are 64 electoral wards in Navi Mumbai. A corporator is elected in each of the wards. All the nodes under municipal corporation come under Thane District.
The newly developed nodes of Navi Mumbai on the south side like Kharghar, Kalamboli, New Panvel, Panvel are still maintained by CIDCO and don't come under NMMC jurisdiction. These nodes i.e nodes beyond CBD Belapur (Belpada) come under Raigad District and fall under Panvel Municipal Council.
Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport Undertaking or NMMT Undertaking is the local transport service operated by the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation in the city of Navi Mumbai and adjoining areas; Dombivli, Badlapur, Uran, Panvel, Thane, Kalyan and Mulund.
[edit] Language
Navi Mumbai has a multilingual population. Marathi, the official language of the state of Maharashtra, is extensively spoken as 80% of the Navi Mumbai residents are Maharashtrians. Business in the municipal corporation is transacted in Marathi. A common language spoken on the city streets is Bambaiya Hindi – a blend of Hindi, Urdu, Marathi, Indian English, Gujarathi, Malayalam and some invented colloquial words. English is also extensively spoken, and is the principal language of the city's white collar workforce. Due to a reasonable population of Tamilians, Tamil is also widely spoken language.
[edit] Physical characteristics
Navi Mumbai spreads over parts of two districts of Maharashtra; Thane and Raigad. The region is hilly in some parts. Parts of the region are also protected wetlands. Unlike its bigger neighbour, the city is sparsely populated. Navi Mumbai is a part of South Konkan coast line. This coastal line joins Sahyadri mountain ranges in South and 50 to 100 m high hills in East. Thus the Navi Mumbai area lies between mountain ranges and a coast line. Its coordinates are between Latitude 19.5’ and 19.15’, Longitude 72.55’ and 73.5’
[edit] Geography
Along the east, there are small hills running in north-south direction. The lands forms part of Konkan Region. The narrow belt of land starts at Dighe in north and ends at Kalundre in south. It is 25.60 km² in area, 20 km long and about 2.0 km wide.
[edit] Religion
Navi Mumbai is a cosmopolitan city and people from religion live in an amicable situation together side by side. The best example the Brahmagiri where CIDCO had in a planned way allotted plots to religious activities atop a hill near the west side of the Nerul Railway Station. Balaji Temple, Swaminarayan Temple Complex, Amirtandamayi Temple Complex, Narayanaguru Temple complex and Little Flower Church. All these religious institutions are well patronised by people not only from Navi Mumbai but also from nearby Mumbai city also. Navi Mumbai is also home to 4 major Sikh temples.
Inside the SIES complex, Nerul which is sitauted vey close to Mumbai-Pune Highway, there is a Anjaneyar Temple, Kamakshi Amman Temple and a Adhisankarar Mandap. The Anjaneyar idol is 33 feet in height and is installed on a pedestal of 12 feet height, that is an over all height of 45 feet. The Anjaneyar idol is made of a single Granite Stone.
[edit] Geology
The rock formations in the region are derived mainly from Deccan Basalt and also from granites, gneissus and laterite. The gently sloping coastal low lands are observed in patches and are covered with moderately shallow to deep soils, mostly lateritic in nature, sometimes oxidised to yellow marrum.
[edit] Topography
To part of Western Konkan coast is a narrow coastal strip along the western part of Sahyadris. It is bound on the East side by hillocks of 50 to 200 m height and on the west side by Thane creek.
[edit] Climate
This area has sub-tropical monsoonic climate of humid-perhumid to semiarid and subhumid type. Overall climate is equable with high rainfall days and very few days of extreme temperatures.
[edit] Temperature
The mean annual temperature ranges from 25 to 28 °C. The mean maximum temperature of the hottest month in this area varies from 30 to 33 °C in April-May while mean minimum temperature of coldest month varies from 16 to 20 °C. Extremes of temperatures, like 38 to 39 °C in summer and 11 to 14 °C in winter, may be experienced for a day or two in respective season.
[edit] Rainfall
The rainy season is mostly confined to south-west monsoon with 80% of the rainfall received during June to October (60 to 70 days). This area, on an average, receives 2500 to 3500 mm rainfall.
[edit] Humidity
The area has marine humid-perhumid climate with more humidity and less diumal variations. Relative humidity varies from 41 to 97%. Driest days being in winter and wettest ones experienced in July.
[edit] Wind
Features such a presence of large water body (the creek), presence of hill ridges etc. influence the local wind patterns to some extent. No significant micro-climatic variation is noticeable in the region.
[edit] Soil
The soils of this region are highly saline in the vicinity of creeks and non-saline at other places. They are calcareous, neutral to alkaline in reaction (pH 7.5 to 8.5), clayey, with high amount of bases and have high water holding capacity (200-250 mm/m). The soils located on moderately sloping residual hills are lateritic in nature and show intensively leached surfaces. They are loamy and slight to moderately acidic (pH 5-6.5) with moderate base status (< 75%)
[edit] Land use
The land was used to produce paddy during rainy season. Some mango and coconut orchards and limited vegetable cultivation was also practised by locals. Those with well-irrigation facility used to go for legumes like 'tur' and 'beans'. With urbanisation, however, all agriculture activities in Navi Mumbai have almost ceased to exist, except in easternmost part. Fish, crabs and prawns were common products from the creek, though the quantities of each were not significant. Surplus from domestic consumption was sold in Thane and Belapur markets. With advent of industries in the region, and with consequent deterioration of water quality, these markets were lost.
[edit] Demographics
As of 2001 India census[5], Navi Mumbai had a population of 703,947. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Navi Mumbai has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.50%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 67%. In Navi Mumbai, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
67% of the families that live here own their homes and of the working population, 63.5% are employed within the city.[6]
A 2000 survey done by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences revealed that 43% of the families currently settled in Navi Mumbai migrated from Mumbai. The percentage has gone up since then. According to the survey found the literacy rate in the city was 96%, that 32% of the total population was working, that 67% own their houses and that 46% own vehicles.As of 2007 the estimate population is 1,600,000 [7]
[edit] Transportation
The most common transportation is the red NMMT buses and suburban trains. NMMT buses are similar to the BEST buses except that they are operated by NMMC. Auto rickshaws and Taxis are also a popular mode of transport. With the Mulund-Airoli link now the fastest way of getting to the central could be via NMMT or BEST buses to Mulund.
Within each node Autorickshaws is the preferred mode of transportation. Yellow and Black taxicabs operating from designated taxi stands provide the means to travel further to destinations such as Mumbai and Thane. Coolcabs are also available. Taxi charge a fixed rate approved by RTO.
Mumbai's suburban railway network also covers most of the populated region of the city. The most important external railway station of this region are Vashi, Belapur CBD and Panvel. The stations are planned as a major railway junction. Most trains plying on the Konkan Railway stop at Panvel so that those passengers destined to reach Mumbai may get the local trains. These trains bypass the island city altogether. Future plans include linking the station to Pune via Karjat to cut travel time between Mumbai and Pune.
Thane-Vashi corridor on Harbour Line of the Central Railway was commissioned on 9 November 2004. The trains ply along an 18.5 km route through Vashi, Sanpada, Turbhe, Kopar Khairane, Ghansoli, Rabale and Airoli, to Thane. Work in underway to lay an additional pair of tracks between Thane and Kurla - the 5th and 6th corridor for a ring railway route: Thane-Kurla-Vashi-Thane. A New Broad Gauge Harbour Local line is functional between Karjat and Panvel.
Hi, If you are new to Mumbai, and wish to travel to any part of Navi Mumbai, then just make sure that you hop into a BEST bus having 500 series. Example - BEST Route 505 starts from C.B.D in Navi Mumbai and ends at Bandra in Mumbai, vice versa. Others routes like 506, 507, 511, 512 etc. take commuters from Nerul in Navi Mumbai to Mumbai and back.
The Palm Beach Marg is a 10 km long 6 lane road the state-of-the-art expressway that connects Vashi to Belapur running parallel to the Thane creek.
There is a upcoming demand for a new bridge over the Thane creek from Kopar Khairane to Kannamwar Nagar in Vikroli, Mumbai off the eastern express highway so as to connect the eastern subursbs of Mumbai. This will establish a much desired third bridge linking Mumbai and Navi Mumbai.
Navi Mumbai also boasts of the most advanced port in India, Jawaharlal Nehru Port at Nhava Sheva near Uran. It’s well connected with road and railways. The port handles 65% of India's container traffic.
[edit] Navi Mumbai International Airport
The new international airport for Navi Mumbai, which will come up at Kopra-Panvel area, would be built through public-private partnership (PPP) — with private sector partner getting 74% equity while Airports Authority of India (AAI) and Maharashtra government (through City and Industrial Development Corporation or CIDCO) holding 13% each. The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) has already given techno-feasibility clearance to the Navi Mumbai International airport. Central government provided its cabinet approval for the construction of an International Airport at Navi Mumbai on May 31, 2007[1]. The airport is expected to be operational in 2013.
[edit] Infrastructure
Basic infrastructure worth Rs 40,000 million (US $ 1140 million) is already in place.[8] Navi Mumbai has near uninterrupted power supply from various sources. The city has numerous flyovers, broad roads, and parking lots. The National Geographic channel has declared Navi Mumbai as one of the best cities in the world. The main problem facing the residents is the poor connectivity with Mumbai with only two road links between the two cities, and a single rail line. Hovercraft service from Vashi to Colaba and C.B.D to Colaba had started, but just did not pick up due to high cost of ticket and maintenance.
[edit] Utility services
Electricity is provided by Mahavitaran (Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd) in the city. Water supply infrastructure has been planned by dividing total city in 14 nodes. Most of the portable water comes from Cidco's Hetawane Dam, Barve Dam, Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) and Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran 's Morbe Dam.[9] The Morbe dam is now under the control of Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation after buying it from Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran in 2004 .This makes NMMC the second municipal corporation to own a dam after BMC. NMMC will have 450 mld per day water available as against its current requirement of 250 mld per day.[10]
The sewerage system in Navi Mumbai is entirely underground, and runs on gravity and pumping mechanisms. The Sewage Treatment Plants in each node treat the sewage, and the standards of Maharashtra Pollution Control Board are met before the treated effluent is discharged into the creeks. The treated effluent from STP at Belapur is being reused for watering the plantation nearly.
Landline Telephone service is provided [Government of India|government] owned MTNL. MTNL has 11 telephone exchanges in Navi Mumbai. They are at Vashi, Kopar Khairane, Nerul, Turbhe, Rabale, Belapur, Taloja, Kalamboli, Panvel, Uran and Nhava Sheva. Both GSM and CDMA services are available in the city.Wireless local loop(CDMA) is provided by MTNL's Garuda-FW, Reliance Infocomm and Tata Indicom.Cell phone (GSm) coverage is extensive, and the main service providers are Vodafone, Airtel, BPL group, Reliance Infocomm, Garuda-Mobile and Tata Indicom. Broadband internet penetration is increasing in the city, with MTNL, Sify Broadband ,Reliance Infocomm , youtele(Iqara) and Tata being the leading service providers
[edit] Commerce
Most of software companies in Maharashtra have their offices in Navi Mumbai. The government of Maharashtra has also setup software parks to cater to the growing demand. Many large institutions also have their offices here. The Reliance group of industries have a major presence (DAKC) in Kopar Khairane and Mahape. Other prominent companies include Hexaware, Patni Computers, Intellenet, Hewitt Associates, TCS, Digit Computer Magazine. As a part of long term planning, major commodity markets have begun moving from the heart of Mumbai city to Navi Mumbai. Kalamboli (another node in Navi Mumbai) is home to a major steel market. Vashi has the fresh fruits and vegetables market. One of the important business landmarks is the shipping port of JNPT (stands for Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust) in Nhava Sheva - Dronagiri node. There are firm yet undeveloped plans to build an airport in Navi Mumbai.
Stock investors are huge here. With offices like Bigbull Investments, Sharekhan, Indiabulls it makes easy investing.
The International Infotech Park at Vashi and Belapur railway station complex houses many international IT companies
The New Millennium City near Mahape forms a major part of the Knowledge Corridor that spans Mumbai and Pune.[11] The head office of Reliance Infocom - Dhirubhai Ambani Knowledge City is situated opposite to Koparkhairane station. The IT companies in Navi Mumbai include Wipro Ltd, CMC, Tata Consultancy Services, Aptech, Track Mail, ICICI Infotech and PCS which have their office on Thane Belapur Road.
[edit] Law and Order
As the population and prosperity of the city rose through the years, it began to attract more criminal activity. Navi Mumbai's crime count jumped up from 2,763 in 2003 to 3,571 in 2004. Criminal activities in Navi Mumbai are usually on the scale of chain/cellphone snatchings, vehicle thefts and burglaries involving unoccupied houses, but murder and armed robbery take place in significant numbers [2]. Nerul is especially plagued by robbery [3]. Shops and housing colonies often hire private security guards, as the police force is often overstretched [4]. Businesses are expected to shut shop by 10 pm. The Mumbai underworld has also begun to take notice of the city [5], targeting the increasingly thriving businesses of cable operators, builders and real estate developers for extortion.
[edit] Education
[edit] Sports
Cricket is the prevalent sport in the city.
Football is the second most popular sport with the city clubs playing during the monsoons, when other outdoor sports cannot be played. The FIFA World Cup is one of the most widely watched television events in Mumbai. India's national sport, field hockey, has gone into a sharp decline in the recent years, losing out in terms of popularity to cricket, though many Mumbai players play in the national team.Navi Mumbai has its own International Cricket Ground in Nerul. Navi Mumbai will also get a olympic size swimming pool and a golf course which is also situated in Nerul
[edit] External links
- CIDCO - City and Industrial Development Corporation
- Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation
- Navi Mumbai IT parks
- Google Map of New Mumbai
- Hotels
- Real Estate
[edit] References
- ^ nmmconline.com: "Land Usage"
- ^ Thesis titled - The Urban Social Pattern of Navi Mumbai, India by Malathi Ananthakrishnan ,April , 1998 ,Blacksburg, Virginia
- ^ Formation of Civic Body
- ^ Zones under NMMC
- ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ Navi Mumbai — pulsating with business activities
- ^ The maker of modern cities
- ^ Maharashtra IT parks The Recommended New Address For 21st Century Corporate India
- ^ NMMC water supply
- ^ Navi Mumbai civic body out of CIDCO's shadow
- ^ Cidco plans for Navi Mumbai
- Navi Mumbai travel guide from Wikitravel
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