Music of Massachusetts
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Massachusetts is a U.S. state in New England. Perhaps the most influential early composer of the United States was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation, and for the education in standard notation. He worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the shape-note tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model.
The Bay Psalme Book (The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully Translated into English Metre) was published in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1640; it was the first book of any kind printed in the English colonies of North America. It became the standard used by New England churches for many years, though it contained no music itself, merely providing psalms and pointing readers to other prominent publications. The Bay Psalm Book was faithful to its source, but did not produce beautiful singing. In 1651, then, a third edition was created, and became known as the New England Psalm Book; this became the standard for many years. By this point, the evolution from the Ainsworth Psalter to the New England Psalm Book had steadily dwindled the number of tunes in use.
Massachusetts was later home to a number of the most prominent members of the First New England School of itinerant singing masters, including Daniel Read (later of New Haven, Connecticut) and Supply Belcher (later of Farmington, Maine).
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[edit] Concert music
Massachusetts has been home to formal ensembles: Boston Symphony Orchestra, Boston Pops Orchestra, Boston Lyric Opera, Tanglewood Festival Chorus.
It has had formal institutions for the perpetuation of formal music: Boston Conservatory, Longy School of Music, New England Conservatory of Music, and Berklee College of Music.
Choral music has been a major part of concert life with two of the oldest choral organizations in the United States based in Massachusetts: Stoughton Musical Society, founded in 1786, and Handel and Haydn Society, founded in 1815.
[edit] Folk music
Folklorists who have collected traditional music of Massachusetts include Eloise Hubbard Linscott, whose field recordings from 1938 and 1941 are in the Library of Congress American Folklife Center.[1]
A number of musicians with ties to the American folk music revival have Massachusetts connections. While a teenager living in Belmont, Joan Baez gave her first concert at the legendary Club 47 in Cambridge. Paul Clayton from New Bedford, best known for his song "Gotta Travel On," was a minor figure in the folk revival. Both Bill Staines, who grew up in Lexington, and Bonnie Raitt, who attended college in Cambridge, were influenced by the folk revival through the concerts at Club 47.
The diverse contemporary Massachusetts folk music scene includes musicians such as David Coffin, who specializes in early music and sea music; Lui Collins, a folk singer/songwriter; Vance Gilbert, a folk singer with a background in jazz; and Aoife Clancy, formerly of Cherish the Ladies, who sings traditional Irish and contemporary folk songs.
According to the New England Folk Network Web site, Massachusetts hosts more than a dozen annual folk music festivals. Of these, the Lowell Folk Festival claims to be the biggest free folk festival in the United States, while the New England Folk Festival, which began in 1944, may be the longest-running festival in the state. Festivals may include folk music from a wide diversity of cultures. For example, the 2007 New England Folk Festival included Bulgarian, Japanese, and Swedish music [2], and the 2007 Working Waterfront Festival included Portuguese Fado music and Mexican Norteño (music).[3]
[edit] 1960s
There was a considerable amount of rock and roll musical activity in Boston in the 1960s. In the early part of the decade, Boston produced acts like Freddie Cannon and The Rockin' Ramrods. In the middle of the decade garage rock acts like Barry & the Remains and The Barbarians came out of Boston. The psychedelic era saw a promotional hype for the Bosstown Sound, but most of the bands thus promoted were closer to bubblegum than psychedelia. Orpheus achieved some nationwide recognition, while the Beacon Street Union was known primarily locally.
[edit] 1970s
The J. Geils Band and The Modern Lovers, featuring Jonathan Richman as well as (for a short time) Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads, came out of Boston, as did more mainstream acts like Aerosmith, The Cars and Boston.
[edit] Alternative rock
The earliest alternative rock bands in Massachusetts hailed from Boston and included Salem 66, Volcano Suns and Mission of Burma. Later bands from Eastern Massachusetts included Pixies, Throwing Muses, Morphine, Chip Goddard, Galaxie 500, Swirlies and the Pernice Brothers. Farther west, in Amherst, the dissolution of the legendary hardcore punk band Deep Wound spurred the foundation of future legends Sebadoh and Dinosaur Jr from its ashes. Amherst and neighboring Northampton also spawned the Scud Mountain Boys, Buffalo Tom, and Cordelia's Dad, the latter uniquely fusing Appalachian folk music with hardcore punk rock.
Other notable bands/musicians:
- Dropkick Murphys
- Godsmack
- Staind
- The Dresden Dolls
- HUMANWINE
- Guster
- The Lyres
- The Neats
- Extreme
- Dick Dale
- Bobby Brown
- The Mighty Mighty Bosstones
- New Kids on the Block
- Rob Zombie
- New Edition
- Human Sexual Response
- The Neighborhoods
- Dispatch
- Eighth Route Army
- Scientific Americans
- The Malarians
- Big D & The Kids Table
[edit] Rap/Hip Hop
Although not nearly as prolific as the hip hop mecca of New York City, Boston has still managed to breed many respectable MC's such as Guru and fellow members of the Gangstarr Foundation Edo G and Big Shug as well as underground rappers Mr. Lif, Akrobatik, Edan, Slaine, and MC/producer duo 7L & Esoteric to name a few.
[edit] Hardcore
Main article: Boston hardcore
As the hardcore underground hit Boston, a few New Wave bands like Pastische, Lou Miami and the Kosmetix, Human Sexual Response, DMZ—who were to Boston what the New York Dolls were to New York City, and who evolved into garage rock revivalists Lyres; The Real Kids,The Neighborhoods, The Turbines, and The Neats played any form of punk. The founder of the Boston Hardcorde scene was Allan Barile from Lynn, Massachusetts. Barile saw Minor Threat in Washington DC and brought hardcore home with him, intensifying DC's skinhead and straight edge subcultures.
Barile's first band was SSD (Society System Decontrol). It formed in 1981 and recorded the following year. SSD organized their own shows, not playing at typical venues, such as punk rock mainstay The Rat, because those clubs served alcohol. They rented out K of C's in areas such as Cambridge and Newton, and insisted that the performances be "all ages shows". Violence was common at these concerts and many people felt they made the punk scene violent. Mostly this was felt by older punks on the scene and casual fans. Other bands soon joined. In contrast to Barile's SSD, many of these bands were from suburbs of Boston including best known Gang Green, heralding from Braintree, DYS, The FU's, Jerry's Kids and Last Rights; Stranglehold, and The Proleteriat from Fall River.
Barile's Crew was known for being for the first major group of skin heads in the city of Boston. One of the most notorious of these straight edgers was Choke, who was actually attending Emerson College at the time. Choke played in a series of legendary bands including Negative FX, Slapshot and Last Rights. The Boston crew were a tight group of skinheads who were intensely loyal to one another and very territorial.
Boston developed an active hardcore zine culture by 1980, most influentially including Forced Exposure.
Unlike most hardcore bands, Boston's scene included heavy metal fans. Barile himself was a fan of AC/DC, while DYS, SSD and Gang Green all eventually made the switch to speed metal.
The death of hardcore in Boston is said to have occurred in 1984, when Jerry's Kids announced at a show that "this is the end of hardcore. We started it and we're ending it here today".
However, there are still many bands based out of Massachusetts that still play hardcore, such as Mental, Righteous Jams and Bane.
In recent years many moshcore bands have been considered the rebirth of hardcore in Boston and the surrounding areas, these bands include Black My Heart, On Broken Wings, Shere Khan(which features several members of the two previously mentioned bands), Shipwreck, and Death Before Dishonor who many consider the kings of modern hardcore.
[edit] Western Massachusetts
More laid-back and less violent than the Boston scene, western Massachusetts had several notable hardcore bands, including Deep Wound, All White Jury, Brain Injured Unit, Cancerous Growth, Siege, Pajama Slave Dancers, Grey Matter and The Outpatients. Of these, Deep Wound was the most important, spawning pioneering alternative rock groups like Dinosaur Jr. and, later, Sebadoh after the breakup of Deep Wound.
From 1983 to 1987, an eclectic non-hardcore dance band named Circle developed a loyal following in the Amherst/Northampton area. Their original and often improvisational music, captured in a self-produced album, Big Intersection (1986), included folk, rock, reggae, funk, tribal, blugrass and blues influences. They were notable for befriending and performing with local hardcore acts including Dinosaur Jr., Pajama Slave Dancers and The Outpatients, despite having a non-hardcore sound and fan base.
In the late 1990s several bands in western Massachusetts (centered around the five colleges in Northampton/Amherst) helped establish an indie rock scene. This included such bands as Apollo Sunshine, the Warren Commission, New Jersey Fairplan, Waterpistol, Psara, Delvic, The Right, and Noah's Dove. Both Waterpistol and Psara appear on Deep Elm Records' The Emo Diaries Compilation. The Warren Commission released several albums on the Boston label Espo Records. This was followed by a second wave of western Mass. emo/indie rock bands including I Am Disaster, Saveyourself, and the El to Addison. Many of these bands moved to the Boston area, where they have found some success or have broken up and formed new bands.
Northampton, Massachusetts is home to the psychedelic-folk-jam band Lord Jeff, named after Lord Jeffery Amherst, the nation's first bio-terrorist, who also named Amherst, Massachusetts.
Stockbridge, Massachusetts was also the setting for the infamous American folk song Alice's Restaurant.
Western Massachusetts is still home to a bountiful hardcore scene. Bands such as Cockpunch, Hands In, Shoot to Kill, Scurvy, Chuck Brunswick, Give 'Em Hell, and many others are constantly playing in and out of the area.
[edit] Metalcore
Some metalcore bands from western Massachusetts include Aftershock (band), The Acacia Strain, All That Remains, Cannae, Killswitch Engage, Overcast (band), Shadows Fall, Unearth, and Kultur.
[edit] Quirky/Eclectic Music
Western Massachusetts has been and remains the home of bands that would rather not write love songs, but songs called Defreeze Walt Disney, Problems With Sects, Spider Goo, Rabid Beaver Attack, They Want to Make Me a Clone, and Don Knotts (Is Mick Jagger's Dad).
The aforementioned Pajama Slave Dancers (PSD) with their punky sensibilities spawned Captain Testosterone and the Gypsy Stretch Mark Orchestra led by Steve Westfield. Other PSD offshoots were Chubacabra Jr., and the The Uncomfortables. The Hutus and Chicken McHead openly acknowledged the PSD influence on both their lyrics and performance antics. The Rock Gods from Chicopee had a hilarious show pretending they were big rock stars, while the Donut Kings lyrics played the funny versus the silly. The Donut Kings won the 2000 Valley Advocate Grand Band Slam for best Alternative/ Eclectic band. Another Grand Band Slam winner that year (for cover band) was Krazee Navel . The thing is they were not a cover band. Slant 6 and the Jumpstarts make automotive rock fun and entertaining.
[edit] References
- Blush, Steven (2001). American Hardcore: A Tribal History. Los Angeles, CA: Feral House. ISBN 0-92291-571-7.
