Moksha language
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| Moksha мокшень кяль | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Russia | |
| Region: | Mordovia | |
| Total speakers: | ~500,000 | |
| Language family: | Uralic Finno-Ugric Finno-permic Finno-Volgaic Mordvinic Moksha | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in: | Mordovia | |
| Regulated by: | no official regulation | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | mdf | |
| ISO 639-3: | mdf | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
The Moksha language (Moksha), мокшень кяль (mokshanj kälj) is the language of Moksha spoken in the western part of the Republic of Mordovia and adjacent Penza, Ryazan, Tambov, Saratov, Samara, Orenburg oblasts, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan republics, Siberia, Far East of Russia and also in Armenia, Australia and USA. There are presently 6 distinct dialects of Moksha: Central, Western (or Zubu dialect), South-Western, Northern, South-Eastern and Southern. The number of speakers is around 500,000.
Contents |
[edit] Writing system
Mokshan logographic scrypt is now obsolete writing system based on glyphs representing objects, concepts, activity, places or events. It was in use before Christianization and remained popular till the beginning of XX century.
Mokshan is currently using the Russian alphabet with spelling rules identical with that of Russian and as a consequence of that vowels e, ä, ə are not indicated in a consistent way. Latin alphabet for Moksha was officially approved by CIK VCKNA (General Executive Committee of All Union New Alphabet Central Committee) June, 25, 1932, but was never used.
The language belongs to the Mordvinic branch of Finno-Volgaic languages a sub-branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. It is related to the Erzya language, but is quite distinct in its phonetics, vocabulary and grammar. In Mordovia, Moksha is co-official with the Erzya language and Russian language.
- Latin alphabet (1930s): A/a, B/в, C/c, Ç/ç, D/d, Ə/ә, E/e, F/f, G/g, Y/y, I/i, J/j, K/k, L/l, M/m, N/n, O/o, P/p, R/r, S/s, Ş/ş, T/t, U/u, V/v, X/x, Z/z, ƶ, ь, rx, lh
- Modern Russian alphabet: А/а, Б/б, В/в, Г/г, Д/д, Е/е, Ё/ё, Ж/ж, З/з, И/и, Й/й, К/к, Л/л, М/м, Н/н, О/о, П/п, Р/р, С/с, Т/т, У/у, Ф/ф, Х/х, Ц/ц, Ч/ч, Ш/ш, Щ/щ, Ъ/ъ, Ы/ы, Ь/ь, Э/э, Ю/ю, Я/я
- Alternative Latin alphabet: Aa, Ää, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
[edit] Literature
Before 1917 about 100 books and pamphlets mostly of religious character were published. More than 200 manuscripts including at least 50 wordlists were not printed. In 19th century the Russian Orthodox Missionary Society in Kazan published Mokshan primers and elementary textbooks of Russian language for Mokshas. Among them were two fascicles with samples of Mokshan folk poetry. The great native scholar Makar Evsevyev collected Moksha folk songs published in one volume in 1897. Under early Soviet rule dominated publishing of social and political literature. All books were being printed in Moscow till establishing Mordvinian national district in 1928. Language conferences in 1928 an 1935 made north-west Moksha dialect the base for literary language.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- [1] Moksha - English - Moksha online dictionary
- [2] News in Moksha
- [3] Mokshan folklore
- [4] Mokshan mythology
- [5] Linguistic links
- [6] Periodic table in Moksha language
| Finno-Ugric languages | |||
| Ugric | Hungarian | Khanty | Mansi | ||
| Permic | Komi | Komi-Permyak | Udmurt | ||
| Finno-Volgaic | Mari | Erzya | Moksha | Merya† | Meshcherian† | Muromian† | ||
| Sami | Akkala Sami† | Inari Sami | Kemi Sami† | Kildin Sami | Lule Sami | Northern Sami | Pite Sami | Skolt Sami | Southern Sami | Ter Sami | Ume Sami | ||
| Baltic-Finnic | Estonian | Finnish | Ingrian | Karelian | Kven | Livonian | Ludic | Meänkieli | South Estonian | Veps | Votic | Võro † denotes extinct | ||
ca:Moksha cv:Мăкшă чĕлхи de:Mokschanische Sprache fi:Mokšan kieli hr:Mokša (jezik) hu:Moksa nyelv it:Lingua mokša ko:목샤어 la:Lingua moxelana pl:Język moksza ru:Мокшанский язык se:Mokšagiella th:ภาษามอคชา uk:Мокшанська мова
