Miguel of Portugal
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Miguel I (Miguel Maria do Patrocínio João Carlos Francisco de Assis Xavier de Paula Pedro de Alcântara António Rafael Gabriel Joaquim José Gonzaga Evaristo de Bragança e Bourbon; Lisbon, October 26, 1802 - Karlsruhe, November 14, 1866) was the second son of King John VI of Portugal and Charlotte of Spain, and the 30th (or 31st according to some historians) King of Portugal and Algarves between 1828 and 1834, during the Portuguese civil war.
[edit] Life
He was given the Lordship of Infantado as his appanage.
Miguel was an avowed conservative and admirer of the Austrian Empire under the guidance of Klemens Wenzel von Metternich. He led two revolts against his father in the 1820s, earning himself a sentence of exile at one point. In 1826 he was betrothed to his young niece Maria II. Miguel subsequently proclaimed himself regent (February 26 1828) and then took the throne as sole monarch (June 23 1828) at which time he overthrew his brother Pedro IV's constitution.
Miguel sought to gain international backing for his regime, but the government of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland fell in 1830 just before it could afford formal recognition. In 1831 Miguel's brother Pedro abdicated the throne of Brazil and occupied the Azores from which he launched naval attacks on Portugal. After a three-year civil war, Miguel was forced to abdicate at Evoramonte (May 26, 1834) and was sent into exile by the victorious Pedro.
The last Monarchic Constitution of 1838, never revoked, in the article 98 categorically excluded the collateral line of the king Miguel of Portugal and all his descendants.
Miguel lived the rest of his life in exile. He eventually died in Karlsruhe, Germany on November 14, 1866.
Also Spain, by law of Cortes on 15 January 1837 in midst of the First Carlist War (1833-39), excluded Miguel from the Spanish succession, on grounds of him being with the rebellion of his uncle don Carlos, the first Carlist pretender of Spain. Miguel's eldest sister Teresa, and his nephews (three sons of late infanta Francisca, and Sebastian, son of Teresa) were so excluded.
[edit] Ancestors
| Miguel I of Portugal | Father: John VI of Portugal | Paternal Grandfather: Peter III of Portugal | Father's Paternal Grandfather: John V of Portugal |
| Father's Paternal Grandmother: Mary Anne of Austria | |||
| Paternal Grandmother: Maria I of Portugal | Father's Maternal Grandfather: Joseph I of Portugal | ||
| Father's Maternal Grandmother: Mariana Victoria of Spain | |||
| Mother: Charlotte of Spain | Maternal Grandfather: Charles IV of Spain | Mother's Paternal Grandfather: Charles III of Spain | |
| Mother's Paternal Grandmother: Maria Amalia of Saxony | |||
| Maternal Grandmother: Maria Luisa of Parma | Mother's Maternal Grandfather: Philip, Duke of Parma | ||
| Mother's Maternal Grandmother: Louise-Elisabeth of France |
[edit] Marriages and descendants
In 1851, when already 48, he married Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, by whom he had six daughters and a son. In a similar fashion to Queen Victoria, he would become known as the grandfather of Europe, however this occurred after his own death. His widow succeeded in securing advantageous marriages for their daughters.
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| By Adelheid of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (April 3 1831-December 16 1909; married in 1851) | |||
| Maria das Neves | August 5 1852 | February 15 1941 | Married Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime, Infante of Spain. Pretender to the Spanish Throne (See: Carlism) |
| Miguel | September 19 1853 | October 11 1927 | Duke of Braganza. Grandfather of the present day throne claimant Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza. |
| Maria Teresa | August 24 1855 | February 12 1944 | Married Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria as his third wife. |
| Maria José | March 19 1857 | March 11 1943 | Married Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria (brother of Empress Elisabeth of Austria) as his second wife. |
| Aldegundes, Duchess of Guimaraes | November 10 1858 | April 15 1946 | Married Enrico of Parma, Count di Bardi, son of Charles III of Parma. |
| Maria Ana | July 13 1861 | July 31 1942 | Married Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. |
| Maria Antónia | November 28 1862 | May 14 1959 | Married Robert I, Duke of Parma as his second wife. |
| Illegitimate offspring | |||
| Maria da Assunção do Carmo de Bragança | March 1831 | Rome, November 18 1910 | Natural daughter from a relationship with a woman of the Portuguese aristocracy living in Rome named Antónia Francisca Ribeiro e Carmo. Recognized as his child in 1839, thereby being semi-legitimized. She died unmarried and without issue. |
| Maria de Jesus de Bragança e Bourbon | Santarém, 1834 | Natural daughter from a relationship with a woman from the Portuguese peasantry living in Santarém at the time the King was living there during the end of the civil war. She was however never aknowledged. She married D. Tomás José Fletcher de Melo Homem born in Moita, February 23 1836 – Lisboa, October 3 1905) and had female issue now extinct at the generation of her two grandsons. | |
| Miguel of Portugal Cadet branch of the House of Aviz Born: 26 October 1802 Died: 14 November 1866
| ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Usurped from Maria II | King of Portugal and the Algarves 1828 – 1834 | Reclaimed by Maria II |
| Titles in pretence | ||
| Dethroned | — TITULAR — King of Portugal Miguelist line 1834 – 1866 | Succeeded by Michael II |
Monarchs of Portugal | |
|---|---|
| House of Burgundy | Afonso I • Sancho I • Afonso II • Sancho II • Afonso III • Denis • Afonso IV • Peter I • Ferdinand I • Beatrice (disputed) |
| House of Aviz | John I • Edward • Afonso V • John II |
| House of Aviz-Beja | Manuel I • John III • Sebastian • Henry • Anthony (disputed) |
| House of Habsburg | Philip I • Philip II • Philip III |
| House of Braganza | John IV • Afonso VI • Peter II • John V • Joseph • Maria I with Peter III • John VI • Pedro IV • Miguel • Maria II with Ferdinand II |
| House of Braganza-Wettin | Pedro V • Luís • Carlos • Manuel II |
de:Michael I. (Portugal) el:Μιχαήλ Α΄της Πορτογαλίας es:Miguel I de Portugal fr:Michel Ier de Portugal hu:I. Mihály portugál király it:Michele del Portogallo nl:Michaël I van Portugal ja:ミゲル1世 (ポルトガル王) pl:Michał I Uzurpator pt:Miguel I de Portugal fi:Mikael (Portugali) sv:Mikael I av Portugal
