Melvin Calvin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Melvin Calvin | |
|---|---|
| Image:Melvin Calvin.jpg Melvin Calvin | |
| Born | April 8, 1911 St. Paul, Minnesota, United States |
| Died | January 8 1997 (aged 85) Cambridge, England |
| Residence | Berkeley, California, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Field | Chemistry |
| Institutions | University of Manchester University of California, Berkeley Berkeley Radiation Laboratory Science Advisory Committee |
| Alma mater | Michigan College of Mining and Technology University of Minnesota |
| Known for | Calvin cycle |
| Notable prizes | Image:Nobel prize medal.svg Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1961) Priestley Medal Davy Medal Gold Medal |
Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 - January 8, 1997) was a American chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin-Benson cycle along with Andrew Benson, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent virtually all of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley.
Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, the son of Jewish immigrants. His father was Lithuanian and his mother Georgian. Calvin earned his Bachelor of Science from the Michigan College of Mining and Technology (now known as Michigan Tech University) in 1931 and his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1935. He then spent the next four years doing postdoctoral work at the University of Manchester. Ha married Genevieve Jemtegaard in 1942, and they had three children, two daughters and a son.
Calvin joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 1937 and was promoted to Professor of Chemistry in 1947. In 1963 he was given the additional title of Professor of Molecular Biology. He was founder and Director of the Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics and simultaneously Associate Director of Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, where he conducted much of his research until his retirement in 1980.
Using the carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin and his team mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis, starting from its absorption as atmospheric carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds. In doing so, the Calvin group showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacturing of organic compounds, rather than on carbon dioxide as was previously believed. In his final years of active research, he studied the use of oil-producing plants as renewable sources of energy. He also spent many years testing the chemical evolution of life and wrote a book on the subject that was published in 1969.
[edit] External links
- Nobel speech and biographmems/mcalvin.html Tribute by Glenn Seaborg and Andrew Benson
- research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants
- Biographical memoir by Glenn Seaborg and Andrew Benson
- U.S. Patent 4427511 Melvin Calvin - Photo-induced electron transfer method
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Willard Libby | Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961 | Succeeded by Max Perutz and John Kendrew |
Nobel Laureates in Chemistry |
|---|
Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin / Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz / John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert S. Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen / Norrish / George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton / Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein (1972) • E.O.Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog (1975) |
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Categories: 1911 births | 1997 deaths | American chemists | American Jews | Jewish American scientists | People from Saint Paul, Minnesota | Nobel laureates in Chemistry | Photosynthesis | National Medal of Science laureates | Michigan Technological University alumni | University of Minnesota alumni | Alumni of the University of Manchester | University of California, Berkeley faculty
