Mariano Rivera
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Image:Rivera2.jpg |
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| New York Yankees — No. 42 | |
| Closing Pitcher | Born: November 29 1969 |
| Bats: Right | Throws: Right |
| Major League Baseball debut | |
| May 23, 1995 for the New York Yankees | Selected MLB statistics (through September 28, 2007) |
| Win-Loss | 62-44 |
| Saves | 443 |
| Earned Run Average | 2.35 |
| Strikeouts | 857 |
| Teams | |
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| Awards | |
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Mariano Rivera (born November 29, 1969, in Panama City, Panama) is a Panamanian baseball player. He is a relief pitcher for Major League Baseball's New York Yankees. He throws and bats right-handed. Nicknamed "Mo,"[2] Rivera originally began his Major League career as a starting pitcher in 1995, but it was after he was moved to the bullpen and converted to closer that he found success.[3]
Some people within the baseball world often refer to Rivera as the greatest postseason relief pitcher [4][5] and the greatest closer in baseball history.[6][7][8][9] Along with having the third-most career regular season saves in Major League history,[10] Rivera is the Major League's all-time postseason leader in saves[11] and ERA.[12] In his career with the Yankees, Rivera has won 4 World Series titles.
Rivera is well-known for his signature pitch, a sharp-breaking cut fastball.[7] He is the last active MLB player to wear the uniform number 42, which was retired throughout baseball in 1997 in honor of Jackie Robinson.[13]
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[edit] Early life
Rivera grew up in Panama frequently playing baseball with his friends, substituting milk cartons for gloves and tree branches for bats.[3] Although his father was a fisherman, Rivera never dreamed of taking up the profession, calling the job "way too tough." As a 19-year old, Mariano had to abandon a capsizing 120-ton commercial boat he had been aboard, all but convincing him to give the job up.[3]
[edit] Baseball career
[edit] Minor leagues (1990-1994)
In 1990, a 20 year-old Rivera, then a shortstop, volunteered to pitch for his Panamá Oeste team. A scout for the New York Yankees, Herb Raybourn was in attendance at one his games. Although Rivera had no formal pitching training, he was throwing 85-87 MPH with a smooth delivery, prompting Raybourn to sign Rivera to a contract with a $3,000 signing bonus.[3] Rivera rewarded Raybourn's faith by posting ERAs of 2.75 (with Greensboro) and 2.28 (with Ft. Lauderdale) in 1991 and 1992, respectively. [14]
Rivera's minor league career was interrupted when he had Tommy John surgery in 1992 to fix nerve damage in his elbow. His rehabilitation coincided with the 1992 expansion draft for the Florida Marlins and Colorado Rockies; Rivera was left unprotected but was not drafted. Rivera successfully rehabilitated his arm in 1993 and resumed pitching that year. In 1994, he ascended from Class A to AA and then AAA, striking out 89 batters while issuing only 20 walks over the course of the year.[15]
[edit] Call-up to major leagues (1995)
Rivera's rookie year in the Major Leagues was 1995, initially as a starting pitcher.[3] He found mixed success, posting a 5-3 record and 5.51 ERA that year.[16] As a result, he split time between the Yankees and their AAA affiliate in Columbus.[17] As a 25 year-old rookie with major arm surgery in his past, Rivera's role on the team was not guaranteed. The Yankees considered trading Rivera to the Detroit Tigers for David Wells.[9] However, a surprise improvement prompted a change of heart. In one minor league start, Rivera suddenly began throwing 95-96 MPH.[9] Rivera's sudden improvement and his success in the 1995 American League Division Series convinced Yankees' management to keep him and move him into the bullpen the following season.[17]
[edit] Set-up man (1996)
In 1996, Rivera served primarily as a set-up man for the closer John Wetteland.[3] Rivera typically would pitch the 7th and 8th innings, before Wetteland pitched in the 9th. Their effectiveness as a tandem essentially shortened their games to 6 innings, as the Yankees had a 70-3 record that season when leading after the 6th inning.[18] The Yankees utilized a "6-2-1" strategy by aiming for six innings from the starting pitcher, two from Rivera, and one from Wetteland. The Yankees won 29 of 31 games in which the pair appeared.[19] Rivera played an important role in the Yankees winning the World Series that year (their first championship since 1978). In 107 2/3 innings pitched that season, Rivera only allowed one home run. Setting a Yankee record for strikeouts by a reliever in a season (130),[17] Rivera came in third for the Cy Young Award voting, behind twenty-game winners Pat Hentgen and teammate Andy Pettitte, respectively.
[edit] Closer career (1997-present)
When Wetteland left the team as a free agent the following season, Rivera became the Yankees' closer for the 1997 season.[3] It would not be a seamless transition from set-up man to closer, as he blew 3 of his first 6 save opportunities,[7]. Eventually, Rivera settled into the role, and it was that year that Yankee Stadium scoreboard staff began playing Metallica's "Enter Sandman" whenever Rivera entered a game. Unfamiliar with but not concerned with the song selection, Rivera went along with it as his entrance music.[20] It was also that year that Rivera began throwing the cut fastball, which quickly became his signature pitch.[9] Despite a successful regular season as closer, in which he recorded a 1.88 ERA and 43 saves,[16] Rivera's 1997 postseason would not end as well; he blew a save in Game 4 of the ALDS against the Cleveland Indians by allowing a game-tying home run to Sandy Alomar, Jr.,[17] with the Yankees four outs from advancing to the American League Championship Series. The Yankees eventually lost that game and the next, and were eliminated from the playoffs.
In the following seasons, Rivera became one of the best closers in the Major Leagues. In a position known for its volatility and turnover,[21] Rivera has been described as standing out for his composure[3] and consistency, performing well in the role in the 11 years he has maintained it. As a reliever, Rivera has finished the regular season with a sub-3.00 ERA in all but one season, and only once in his career has he pitched fewer than 60 innings in a season.[16] His tenure as the Yankees' closer has exceeded the ordinary lifetime of a Major League closer, as only two other pitchers have been tenured as closer for the same team since 2002.[21][22]
Rivera's success in the postseason has been key in each of the Yankees' four recent World Series titles (in 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2000).[9] His 34 postseason saves and 0.77 lifetime postseason ERA are both Major League records;[11][12] no pitcher has half as many postseason saves as Rivera. From 1998 to 2001, Rivera converted 23 consecutive postseason saves,[23] and from 1998 to 2000, he pitched 34.1 consecutive scoreless innings in the postseason;[24] both feats are also Major League records. Rivera has a record of 8-1 in the postseason with a 0.75 WHIP. He is often called upon to convert two-inning saves in the postseason, recording twelve of this variety.[25] Additionally, he has recorded a 0.00 ERA in seventeen separate postseason series.[1]
Rivera's consistency is such that many fans remember his missteps more so than his successes. Rivera's most disappointing moment came in Game 7 of the 2001 World Series.[3] After pitching a shutout eighth inning, Rivera was two outs from winning a fourth consecutive World Series title when he blew the save and Series in the bottom of the 9th inning, eventually allowing Luis Gonzalez's "bloop" single with the bases loaded to score the winning run.
[edit] 2003
In 2003, Rivera returned to form after missing time in 2002 on the disabled list. He appeared in 64 regular season games and posted 40 saves and a 1.66 ERA. In the postseason, Rivera threw 16.2 innings while allowing only one run, which lowered his lifetime postseason ERA to 0.75.[26]
In the American League Championship Series against the wild-card Red Sox, he recorded two key two-inning saves in Games 3 and 5. In Game 7, Rivera delivered one of the best postseason performances of his career. He entered the game in the 9th inning with the score tied and pitched three scoreless innings en route to becoming the game's winning pitcher; it was the first time he had pitched that many innings in a game since 1996. Though Aaron Boone’s 11th-inning homer ended the game and clinched the Yankees' World Series berth, Rivera was named the series' MVP for recording two saves and a win. The most memorable image of Rivera from that game was his celebration following Boone's home run; he ran out to the mound and collapsed in joy and exhaustion to thank God, as Boone rounded the bases and was mobbed by his teammates at home plate.[27] Rivera was carried on the shoulders of his teammates during the celebration.
[edit] 2004
Prior to the season, with a year left on his contract, Rivera signed a two-year contract extension. The deal also included an option of a third year (for 2007) if Rivera finished enough games. [28]
The 2004 season was another stellar year for Rivera. In addition to becoming the seventeenth pitcher in MLB history to record 300 saves,[29] he won his third Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award and finished third in voting for the Cy Young Award,[30] posting a 1.94 ERA and a career best 53 saves.[16]
The Yankees won their seventh straight American League East championship. In the ALDS, Mariano appeared in all four games and allowed no earned runs, despite blowing a save.[31] However, following the ALDS, joy turned to mourning for Rivera. He learned that two of his relatives in Panama had been killed at his home when electrified guard wire fell into the pool they were in. Rivera immediately flew home, and his status for the upcoming ALCS was in doubt. The funeral in Panama was held on the same day as Game 1 against the Boston Red Sox. Flying 2,200 miles back to New York, Rivera arrived at Yankee Stadium in the 5th inning to a standing ovation.[3] Having suffered through a very emotional day, Rivera was still able to record a save later that night, as well as in Game 2.
With the Yankees up 3-0 in the series, Rivera blew saves in Games 4 and 5, allowing the Red Sox to avoid elimination. In Game 4, protecting a 4-3 lead in the 9th inning, Rivera walked lead-off hitter Kevin Millar. Pinch runner Dave Roberts stole second base and scored on a single by Bill Mueller to tie the game. The Red Sox eventually won in extra innings. The following night, with the Yankees staked to 4-3 lead in the 8th inning, Rivera entered the game with runners on 1st and 3rd base and no outs. He allowed only a sacrifice fly to Jason Varitek, but it tied the score. Like the night before, the Red Sox would win in extra innings. Rivera only allowed one earned run in the entire 2004 post-season,[32] but the comeback wins in Games 4 and 5 allowed Boston to survive and begin its historic comeback; they would win the series in seven games.
[edit] 2005
Unlike previous years, Rivera did not throw during the winter in the offseason.[33] This led many to believe he needed more rest to recover from the 2004 season, in which he saw the most activity of his reliever career. Although Rivera missed nine days during Spring Training with elbow bursitis, he was ready to play for Opening Day.[33] The 2005 season started out on a low note for Rivera, as he blew his first two saves of the season against the Red Sox (marking four consecutive blown saves against Boston, dating back to the previous postseason).[34] The stretch prompted many people in the baseball world to question whether Rivera was a dominant pitcher anymore.[33][34][35] Rivera was subsequently cheered by Red Sox fans during pre-game introductions at Fenway Park the following week, as recognition for his subpar performance against the Red Sox. Rivera took the ovation with a good sense of humor and tipped his cap to the crowd.[36]
Rivera would have the last laugh, though, as 2005 proved to be the greatest year of his career.[37] He converted a career-best 31 consecutive save opportunities en route to recording a total of 43 saves in 47 opportunities. His 1.38 ERA was a career low, as was his 0.87 WHIP. His batting average against was .177 (the second-best mark of his career), his OPS against was .465 (a career low), and his K/9 was 9.19 (then, the second-best mark of his closer career).[16] Rivera finished second in the race for the AL Cy Young Award to Bartolo Colon and ninth in the AL Most Valuable Player voting.[38] He also notched the save in the 2005 All-Star Game.
[edit] 2006
In 2006, despite a rough April, Rivera made his third consecutive All-Star Team, with a 1.76 ERA, 19 saves in 21 opportunities, and a 0.91 WHIP going into the All-Star Break. Chicago White Sox manager Ozzie Guillen announced in advance that he would use Rivera to close the All-Star Game, a compliment considering Guillen's closer for the White Sox, Bobby Jenks, also made the team.[39] Mariano ended up saving the game for the American League in a comeback victory against National League closer Trevor Hoffman, the only active player with more saves than Rivera. The save was Rivera's third in an All-Star Game, making him and Dennis Eckersley the only 2 pitchers to reach the milestone.[40]
On June 20 2006, Rivera had his first career regular season at-bat, during which he struck out.[41]
On July 16 2006, Rivera became the fourth pitcher in Major League history to record 400 saves, converting a two-inning save against the White Sox.[42]
At the beginning of September, Rivera was sidelined with an elbow strain in his throwing arm.[43] With the Yankees leading the Red Sox in the AL East divisional race by a large margin, the team decided to rest him for most of September.[44] Rivera finished the 2006 season with 34 saves in 37 opportunities and an ERA of 1.80, the fourth consecutive season he posted a sub-2.00 ERA.[16] Although he was well-rested for the postseason for the first time in years, the Yankees were unable to advance past the first round. He pitched just one inning against Detroit, in a non-save situation.
During the regular season, Rivera finished enough games to earn the option for a third year on his contract, which expired after the 2007 season. His performance in 2006 also won him the DHL Delivery Man of the Year Award for a 2nd consecutive season,[45] and MLB.com's Closer of the Year Award for the 3rd consecutive season.[46]
[edit] 2007
Prior to the season, Rivera attempted to extend his contract past the end of the 2007 season. The Yankees were reluctant to negotiate a deal, due to the proximity of the negotiations to the start of the season. Rivera made headlines by responding if he did not receive an extension from the Yankees, he would pursue free agency.
On April 15, 2007, players around the league wore #42 in honor of the 60th Anniversary of Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier. Rivera took part in the festivities by wearing the number as usual. For his entire career, Rivera has worn #42, which has been retired by all Major League Baseball teams since 1997 in honor of Robinson. Rivera is permitted to use the number due to a grandfather clause allowing active players to retain it if they had worn the number prior to its league-wide retirement. As the only remaining player covered by the clause, Rivera will be the last Major League player to wear the number full-time.[13]
Despite a sparkling spring training, Rivera had an uncharacteristically bad month in April. He blew his first two save opportunities, compiled two losses, and recorded a 10.57 ERA.[47] Rivera saved one game that month and his performance prompted writers to question whether something was wrong.[48] Many attributed his struggles early in the year to infrequent use, as the Yankees presented him with few opportunities to enter a game.[21] Rivera responded by converting nineteen consecutive saves and posting a 1.47 ERA from May through July. However, he began to struggle again in August, giving up five runs in a span of three straight appearances. In September, he settled down to convert eleven straight save opportunities until he blew his last opportunity of the season.
On July 14, 2007, Rivera passed John Franco for third place on the all-time saves list by recording his 425th career save in a game against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Rivera only trails Lee Smith and Trevor Hoffman on that list.[10]
Rivera finished the 2007 regular season with his weakest statistical season as a closer, in many respects. He gave up career highs in earned runs (25) and hits (68) as a closer, and his 3.15 ERA was his highest mark as a reliever. His 30 saves in 34 opportunities were his second-lowest total as a closer. He did, however, set a career best for K/9 as a closer (9.34) and he was fourth in the American League with 58 games finished.[16]
In the postseason, Rivera appeared in three games and pitched 4.2 scoreless innings, all in non-save situations. He lowered his all-time best postseason ERA to 0.77. Still, the Yankees failed to advance past the first round for the third consecutive year. The day after the Yankees were eliminated from the playoffs, Rivera stated that he intended to test the free agent market.[49] Rivera eventually agreed to a 3-year, $45 million contract to remain a New York Yankee.[50]. This contract, averaging $15 million per year, will make him the highest paid reliever in baseball history.
[edit] The cutter
Rivera's signature pitch is his cut fastball or "cutter". He mixes this pitch with both a four-seam and two-seam fastball. He throws all three between 91 and 97 mph, usually at 92-95.[51] Rivera explained to Adrian Wojnarowski of The Bergen Record that he discovered the cutter accidentally while playing catch with Ramiro Mendoza. He told Tom Verducci of Sports Illustrated, "It was just from God. I didn’t do anything. It was natural."[52] Rivera's cutter is a heavily feared pitch by Major League hitters,[3][53] such as Chipper Jones, who compared it to a "buzzsaw,"[54] (referring to its tendency of breaking left-handed hitters' bats) and Jim Thome, who called it "the single best pitch ever in the game."[55] Buster Olney of ESPN.com referred to Rivera's cut fastball as "the most dominant pitch of a generation."[56] Although switch-hitters usually bat left-handed against right-handed pitchers to better see the ball's release point, many switch-hitters bat right-handed when facing Rivera to avoid being jammed on the hands by his cutter.[57][58]
[edit] Legacy
Although the subject is continuously debated, some people in the baseball world consider Rivera the best relief pitcher in postseason history[4][5] and the greatest closer in baseball history.[6][7][8][9] Buster Olney says "no other player can instill calm in his team's fans as reliably as Mariano Rivera, the game's dominant closer and arguably the best relief pitcher of all time."[9] Joe Torre, who has managed Rivera most of his career says, "He's the best I've ever been around. Not only the ability to pitch and perform under pressure, but the calm he puts over the clubhouse."[28] Elliott Kalb rated Rivera as the 62nd greatest player of all time and suggests Rivera may be the "best relief pitcher in Yankee history" and the "possibly best relief pitcher in baseball history."[59] Although voters have historically been reluctant to allow relievers into the Hall of Fame,[7] many sports writers and baseball experts anticipate Rivera will be voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility, once he retires.[5][7][37]
Additionally, many have praised Rivera for his humility and generosity.[3][5][37] Rivera is very involved with philanthropic contributions in his native Panama, which includes building an elementary school and a church, providing Christmas gifts to children, and developing a program that provides computer access and adult mentors to youths.[60]
[edit] Awards and honors
Rivera won the World Series MVP Award and Babe Ruth Award in 1999, after recording 2 saves and a win in the World Series, as well as the 2003 American League Championship Series MVP Award.[1] Rivera has also won the Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award four times (1999, 2001, 2004, and 2005).[1] In honor of the men and women who served New York City during the 9/11 attacks and since relief pitchers are sometimes referred to as "firemen", he donated his 2001 trophy to the New York City Fire Department.[60] It is on permanent display at the FDNY's Brooklyn headquarters. Rivera has also won MLB.com's Closer of the Year Award in 2004, 2005 and 2006[46] and the DHL Delivery Man of the Year Award in 2005 and 2006.[45] Rivera is also a five-time The Sporting News Reliever of the Year Award recipient, earning the honor in 1997, 1999, 2001, 2004, and 2005. Other honors include being voted Baseball America's 1st-Team Major League All-Star reliever in 1999, 2001, 2004, and 2005 and being named the New York Yankees Player of the Year in 2005.
[edit] Accomplishments
Rivera has accomplished numerous feats in his Major League career:
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[edit] Personal life
Rivera married his wife Clara on November 9, 1991. They have three sons: Mariano Jr., Jafet, and Jaziel.[60]
Mariano is the cousin of former Yankee Rubén Rivera.[60]
Rivera is a deeply religious Christian. He maintains that God has a reason for everything that happens. For example, Rivera found his failure in Game 7 of the 2001 World Series much easier to deal with when he learned of the consequences it had on a teammate. Had the Yankees won Game 7 and the World Series, Enrique Wilson would have flown home to the Dominican Republic and been aboard the deadly American Airlines Flight 587. "I am glad we lost the World Series," Rivera told Wilson, "because it means that I still have a friend." [73] Perhaps as a way to illustrate his faith, Rivera's pitching glove is inscribed with a reference to Philippians 4:13 ("I can do all things through Christ, who strengthens me.")
Rivera recently became a partner in a new restaurant in New Rochelle, New York called "Mo's New York Grill".[74]
[edit] Career statistics
| Regular season | Postseason | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Team | W | L | ERA | SV | IP | H | ER | BB | K | W | L | ERA | SV | IP | ||
| 1995 | New York Yankees | 5 | 3 | 5.51 | 0 | 67.0 | 71 | 41 | 30 | 51 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 5.1 | ||
| 1996 | New York Yankees | 8 | 3 | 2.09 | 5 | 107.2 | 73 | 25 | 34 | 130 | 1 | 0 | 0.63 | 0 | 14.1 | ||
| 1997 | New York Yankees | 6 | 4 | 1.88 | 43 | 71.2 | 65 | 15 | 20 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 4.50 | 1 | 2.0 | ||
| 1998 | New York Yankees | 3 | 0 | 1.91 | 36 | 61.1 | 48 | 13 | 17 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 13.1 | ||
| 1999 | New York Yankees | 4 | 3 | 1.83 | 45 | 69.0 | 43 | 14 | 18 | 52 | 2 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 12.1 | ||
| 2000 | New York Yankees | 7 | 4 | 2.85 | 36 | 75.2 | 58 | 24 | 25 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 1.72 | 6 | 15.2 | ||
| 2001 | New York Yankees | 4 | 6 | 2.34 | 50 | 80.2 | 61 | 21 | 12 | 83 | 2 | 1 | 1.13 | 5 | 16.0 | ||
| 2002 | New York Yankees | 1 | 4 | 2.74 | 28 | 46.0 | 35 | 14 | 11 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
| 2003 | New York Yankees | 5 | 2 | 1.66 | 40 | 70.2 | 61 | 13 | 10 | 63 | 1 | 0 | 0.56 | 5 | 16.0 | ||
| 2004 | New York Yankees | 4 | 2 | 1.94 | 53 | 78.2 | 65 | 17 | 20 | 66 | 1 | 0 | 0.71 | 2 | 12.2 | ||
| 2005 | New York Yankees | 7 | 4 | 1.38 | 43 | 78.1 | 50 | 12 | 18 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 3.00 | 2 | 3.0 | ||
| 2006 | New York Yankees | 5 | 5 | 1.80 | 34 | 75.0 | 61 | 15 | 11 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 1.0 | ||
| 2007 | New York Yankees | 3 | 4 | 3.15 | 30 | 71.1 | 68 | 25 | 12 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 4.2 | ||
| 13 years | Totals | 62 | 44 | 2.35 | 443 | 953.0 | 759 | 249 | 238 | 857 | 8 | 1 | 0.77 | 34 | 117.1 | ||
[edit] See also
- List of players from Panama in Major League Baseball
- List of Major League Baseball saves champions
- List of Major League Baseball all-time saves leaders
- List of Major League Baseball leaders in games finished
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Mariano Rivera Statistics. Baseball-reference.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
- ^ Mariano's stats and biobox. Baseball Almanac. Retrieved on 2007-08-10. Rivera has also been called "The Sandman" and "The Hammer of God".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Antonen, Mel. "Yanks' Rivera continues to learn", USA Today, 2006-10-09. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
- ^ a b "Yankees closer will return for game", Associated Press, 2004-10-12. Retrieved on 2006-08-09.
- ^ a b c d Verducci, Tom. "Gotta get to Mo", Sports Illustrated, 2004-06-01.
- ^ a b Pedulla, Tom. "Yankees' Rivera saves best for last", USA Today, 2005-10-03.
- ^ a b c d e f O'Dwyer, Kieran. "A cutter above", The Sporting News, 2006-07-27. Retrieved on 2006-08-09.
- ^ a b Kornheiser, Tony. "Time to Put Away the Sox", Washington Post, 2004-02-16, p. D01. Retrieved on 2006-08-09.
- ^ a b c d e f g Buster Olney (2004-06-28). The Confidence Man: Inside the mind of baseball’s greatest closer, Mariano Rivera.. New York Magazine.
- ^ a b c "Rivera's 425th passes Franco", NY Daily News, 2007-07-15. Retrieved on 2007-07-15.
- ^ a b c d Career Pitching Postseason Leaders. Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ a b c Botte, Peter. "Mo shuts door to keep season very much open", New York Daily News, 2005-10-10. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ a b Rivera 'blessed' to wear No. 42. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-27.
- ^ Mariano Rivera Career Stats. CBS Sportsline.
- ^ Mariano Rivera: Major League, Minor League and college statistics. The Baseball Cube (2006-07-19). Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mariano Rivera Stats. ESPN.com.
- ^ a b c d Mariano Rivera Biography. Baseball Library.
- ^ Verducci, Tom. "In '96, everyone was Mr. October", CNN Sports Illustrated, 1998-09-25. Retrieved on 2007-07-28.
- ^ Frommer, Harvey (1996). The New York Yankee Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Enter Sandman Songfacts. Songfacts. Retrieved on 2007-05-02.
- ^ a b c Paul White. "Confidence game as closer has few winners", USA Today.
- ^ Trevor Hoffman and Joe Nathan: Current Major League Baseball closers
- ^ a b Schoenfield, David. "Frozen Moment: Rivera finally fails", ESPN, 2001-11-05. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ a b New York Yankees 9, Seattle Mariners 7. Retrosheet (2000-10-17). Retrieved on 2007-07-28. The boxscore states Rivera's streak was broken at 34 innings, but the record-keeping done by this website only counts whole innings. For all intents of purposes of demonstrating the full length of the streak, it is listed here as 34.1 innings. Checking individual box scores on Retrosheet from the beginning until the end of the streak confirms this.
- ^ a b Schechter, Gabriel. "A Closer Look: The Evolution of the Closer", National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Chris DeRosa. "C" is For Closers: Enter Sandman. ESPN.com.
- ^ Fordin, Spencer (2003-10-17). Press Row: Move over, Dent. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-28.
- ^ a b Yankees' Rivera inks extension. CBC (2004-03-23).
- ^ Gagliano, Anthony (2004-05-29). Rivera earns 300th career save. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-29.
- ^ a b c Baseball Awards Voting for 2004. Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ 2004 AL Division Series-Yankees vs. Twins. Baseball-Reference.
- ^ Mariano Rivera Individual Player Stats - 2004 Postseason. MLB.com.
- ^ a b c Kepner, Tyler (2005-04-08). Fellow Pitchers Feel Rivera's Red Sox Pain. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
- ^ a b Shaughnessy, Dan. "Opening series almost too much for us to take", Boston Globe, 2005-04-07. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
- ^ Klapisch, Bob. "Red Sox show Rivera who's boss", ESPN.com, 2005-04-07. Retrieved on 2006-12-11.
- ^ Feinsand, Mark. "Rivera has some fun with Sox fans", MLB.com, 2005-04-11. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
- ^ a b c O'Connor, Ian. "Rivera's season stellar despite Cy Young results", USA Today, 2005-11-08. Retrieved on 2007-07-25.
- ^ a b c Baseball Awards Voting for 2005. Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Feinsand, Mark (2006-07-10). Guillen tabs Rivera as AL stopper. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
- ^ a b "Young's two-run triple in ninth lifts AL All-Stars", ESPN, 2006-07-11. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Associated Press. "Howard's 7 RBIs not enough for Phils", The Sporting News, 2006-06-20. Retrieved on 2007-07-28.
- ^ a b Mink, Ryan (2006-07-16). Rivera notches save No. 400. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-29.
- ^ Associated Press. "Rivera's MRI shows mild muscle strain", Sporting News, 2006-08-31. Retrieved on 2007-07-28.
- ^ Feinsand, Mark. "Notes: Rivera to sit one more week", MLB.com, 2006-09-10. Retrieved on 2007-07-28.
- ^ a b Delivery Man of the Month/Year Award by DHL. Baseball Almanac. Retrieved on 2007-07-30.
- ^ a b 2006: This Year in Baseball Awards. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-30.
- ^ Mariano Rivera Stats and Splits. ESPN.com.
- ^ Howard, Johnette. "Mo's expressions worrisome", Newsday, 2007-05-09. Retrieved on 2007-05-16.
- ^ ESPN News Services. "Exit Sandman?", ESPN, 2007-10-09. Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
- ^ ESPN News Services. "Rivera accepts Yankees' 3-year, $45 million offer", ESPN, 2007-11-18. Retrieved on 2007-11-23.
- ^ http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/gameday/y2007/gd.html?2007_09_17_balmlb_nyamlb_1
- ^ Verducci, Tom. "The Yankees allowed the Red Sox their day of Fenway glory, then dispatched Boston to resume their inexorable march back to the World Series", Sports Illustrated, 2000-03-22. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
- ^ Stark, Jayson. "The pitches that scare major leaguers", ESPN. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ "Authors take on Ruthian legends", The San Diego Union-Tribune, March 8, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Curry, Jack. "End in Sight, Guillén Shows Respect With a Rare Retreat", The New York Times, 2006-07-17. Retrieved on 2006-08-10. (preview only)
- ^ Buster Olney. "20 best postseason weapons", ESPN, 2006-09-29. Retrieved on 2006-09-29. (preview only)
- ^ Kepner, Tyler. "For Yankees and Rivera, It's Case Closed", The New York Times, 2004-03-23. Retrieved on 2007-07-25.
- ^ "AL East", Sporting News, 2005-07-08. Retrieved on 2007-08-23.
- ^ Kalb, Elliott (2005). Who's Better Who's Best in Baseball?. McGraw Hill.
- ^ a b c d e f g Mariano Rivera Biography and Career Highlights. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
- ^ Major League Baseball Pitching Stats, Career All Time. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Mariano Rivera: Sure Thing. Baseball-fever.com (2003-10-17). Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Career Leaders for Saves. Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ "MLB scoreboard: New York Yankees at Tampa Bay Devil Rays", ESPN, 2004-05-28. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ a b Single-Season Leaders for Saves. Baseball-reference.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Mariano Rivera Individual Player Postseason Stats. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Dennis Eckersley is the only other reliever to win the ALCS MVP Award and he did not win the World Series MVP.
- ^ Stark, Jayson. "Sutter's time is now", ESPN, 2006-01-10. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Mariano Rivera 1996 Career Highlights. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
- ^ New York Yankees Pitching Leaders. Baseball-reference.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
- ^ 1996 American League Cy Young Award. Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ 1999 American League Cy Young Award. Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ Olney, Buster. "Epilogue: 'The Last Night of the Yankee Dynasty'", ESPN, 2005-05-02. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
- ^ "Mo Gets More on his Plate", New York Daily News, 2006-07-14. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
[edit] External links
- Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube
- Mariano Rivera - A Man with a Message
- MarianoRivera.com
| Preceded by Tom Gordon Todd Jones & Derek Lowe Keith Foulke | American League Saves Champion 1999 2001 2004 | Succeeded by Todd Jones & Derek Lowe Eddie Guardado Francisco Rodríguez & Bob Wickman |
| Preceded by Scott Brosius | World Series MVP 1999 | Succeeded by Derek Jeter |
| Preceded by Scott Brosius | Babe Ruth Award 1999 | Succeeded by Derek Jeter |
| Preceded by Adam Kennedy | American League Championship Series MVP 2003 | Succeeded by David Ortiz |
New York Yankees 1996 World Series roster |
|---|
| 2 Derek Jeter | 12 Wade Boggs | 13 Jim Leyritz | 17 Kenny Rogers | 18 Mariano Duncan | 19 Luis Sojo | 20 Mike Aldrete | 21 Paul O'Neill | 22 Jimmy Key | 24 Tino Martinez | 25 Joe Girardi | 26 Andy Fox | 27 Graeme Lloyd | 31 Tim Raines | 33 Charlie Hayes | 35 John Wetteland | 36 David Cone | 39 Darryl Strawberry | 41 Brian Boehringer | 42 Mariano Rivera | 43 Jeff Nelson | 45 Cecil Fielder | 46 Andy Pettitte | 51 Bernie Williams | 52 David Weathers Manager 6 Joe Torre |
New York Yankees 1998 World Series roster |
|---|
| 2 Derek Jeter | 11 Chuck Knoblauch | 18 Scott Brosius | 20 Jorge Posada | 21 Paul O'Neill | 22 Homer Bush | 24 Tino Martinez | 25 Joe Girardi | 26 Orlando Hernández | 27 Graeme Lloyd | 29 Mike Stanton | 33 David Wells | 36 David Cone | 38 Ricky Ledée | 42 Mariano Rivera | 43 Jeff Nelson | 45 Chili Davis | 46 Andy Pettitte | 47 Shane Spencer | 51 Bernie Williams | 55 Ramiro Mendoza Manager 6 Joe Torre |
New York Yankees 1999 World Series roster |
|---|
| 2 Derek Jeter | 11 Chuck Knoblauch | 13 Jim Leyritz | 17 Ricky Ledée | 18 Scott Brosius | 19 Luis Sojo | 20 Jorge Posada | 21 Paul O'Neill | 22 Roger Clemens | 24 Tino Martinez | 25 Joe Girardi | 26 Orlando Hernández | 28 Chad Curtis | 29 Mike Stanton | 36 David Cone | 38 Jason Grimsley | 39 Darryl Strawberry | 42 Mariano Rivera | 43 Jeff Nelson | 45 Chili Davis | 46 Andy Pettitte | 51 Bernie Williams | 55 Ramiro Mendoza Manager 6 Joe Torre |
New York Yankees 2000 World Series roster |
|---|
| 2 Derek Jeter | 11 Chuck Knoblauch | 12 Denny Neagle | 13 José Vizcaíno | 14 Luis Sojo | 18 Scott Brosius | 19 Luis Polonia | 20 Jorge Posada | 21 Paul O'Neill | 22 Roger Clemens | 24 Tino Martinez | 26 Orlando Hernández | 28 David Justice | 29 Mike Stanton | 31 Glenallen Hill | 33 José Canseco | 35 Clay Bellinger | 36 David Cone | 42 Mariano Rivera | 43 Jeff Nelson | 46 Andy Pettitte | 51 Bernie Williams Manager 6 Joe Torre |
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