Maine Central Railroad
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| Maine Central Railroad | |
|---|---|
| Image:Maine central pine tree route herald.jpg | |
| Reporting marks | MEC |
| Locale | central Maine with lines to New Brunswick, New Hampshire, Vermont and Quebec |
| Dates of operation | 1862–1981 (subsumed by Guilford Transportation Industries, continues as subsidiary in name only) |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) (standard gauge), converted from 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) in 1871 |
| Headquarters | Portland, Maine |
The Maine Central Railroad (AAR reporting marks MEC) was a railroad in central and southern Maine. It was chartered in 1856 and began operations in 1862. It operated between South Portland, Maine, east to the Canada-U.S. border with New Brunswick, west to Vermont and north to Quebec.
Contents |
[edit] Charter and creation
The Maine Central was created initially through the merger of the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad and the Penobscot and Kennebec Railroad, resulting in a line from Danville (now Auburn) to Bangor. The line connected with the Grand Trunk Railway on its Portland-Chicago mainline at Danville and with the Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad in Bangor. As a result of its connection with the Grand Trunk, the Maine Central initially operated on a track gauge of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) known as "Canadian" or "Portland" gauge.
[edit] Expansion
Maine Central purchased the Portland and Kennebec Railroad, which ran from Portland to Danville and was built to standard track gauge, since it connected with the Boston and Maine Railroad at Portland. By 1871, the Maine Central completed its conversion to standard gauge to facilitate interchange of cars.[1]
The MEC established rail service to the Penobscot Bay in 1871 by leasing (for fifty years) the then just-completed 33 miles (53 km) of track built by the Belfast and Moosehead Lake Railroad (B&ML). The B&ML's grade ran the length of Waldo County from the port town of Belfast inland to Burnham Junction where its single track connected with the MEC's Portland to Bangor mainline. The Maine Central operated the road as its "Belfast Branch" for the next 55 years, but on June 30, 1925, MEC President Morris McDonald — after repeated public denials[2] — gave the B&ML (and the city of Belfast as its majority owner) the required six months notice that it would not renew its by then year-to-year lease when it expired on December 31, 1925.[3] The reason eventually given was a net loss to the MEC on the Belfast Branch operations of $113,230 for the year 1924.[2] The B&ML took over operation of its road on January 1, 1926. It continued to exchange passengers and mail with the MEC at their jointly owned station at Burnham Junction until 1960 and freight interchange traffic until 2002.
In 1882, Maine Central leased the European and North American Railway (E&NA) between Bangor and Vanceboro.
In 1888, Maine Central purchased the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, which ran from Portland, through the White Mountains of New Hampshire via Crawford Notch, and into St. Johnsbury, Vermont, where it connected with the Southeastern Railway (owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway). The railroad also purchased several narrow gauge branch lines used for the logging industry, such as the Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad in 1911 and the Bridgton and Saco River Railroad in 1912.
In 1889, the Canadian Pacific Railway purchased trackage rights from Maine Central on the portion of the former E&NA from Mattawamkeag to Vanceboro. This Maine Central trackage formed part of the CPR's Montreal-Saint John mainline, upon completion of the International Railway of Maine. This line was an important rail route for Canadian war material heading to the port of Saint John for shipment overseas to Europe. In the months before the United States entered the war, a German saboteur attempted to blow up the railway bridge which crossed the St. Croix River at the international boundary.
Maine Central also built a line southeast from Bangor along the coast through Machias to Calais, with branches to Bar Harbor and Eastport.
Maine Central was at its height by 1917 when it became nationalized during World War I under the United States Railroad Administration, having trackage which extended over 1,358 miles (2,185 km). It ran from Vanceboro, Calais and Eastport in the east, to Portland in the south, St. Johnsbury in the west, and to Lime Ridge, Quebec in the north. It also operated resorts and coastal steamships and ferries.
[edit] Mountain Division
The former Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad was operated as the Mountain Division (later Mountain Subdivision} of the Maine Central. This line was the shortest route from Portland, Maine to points west of Chicago. It saw relatively heavy through freight traffic from termination of the joint operating agreement with Boston and Maine Railroad until abandonment when Guilford Transportation Industries ownership again favored Boston & Maine routing.
Milepost 0: Portland interchange with Boston and Maine Railroad and Grand Trunk Railway operated by Portland Terminal Company.
Milepost 5.4: Cumberland Mills large paper mill and junction with Boston and Maine Railroad Worcester, Nashua & Portland Division operated by Portland Terminal Company. Agent's station closed 1983.
Milepost 10.8: South Windham agent's station closed 1981.
Milepost 12: Newhall agent's station closed 1932.
Milepost 13.6: White Rock agent's station closed 1921.
Milepost 16.7: Sebago Lake Station connection with Sebago Lake steamboats. Agent's station closed 1935.
Milepost 24.6: Steep Falls privately built depot with dance hall upstairs dismantled 1961.
Milepost 26.4: Mattock's agent's station closed 1933.
Milepost 31.7: Cornish agent's station closed 1962.
Milepost 33.4: West Baldwin agent's station closed 1930.
Milepost 36.3: Bridgton Junction interchange with narrow-gauge Bridgton and Saco River Railroad. Agent's station closed 1930.
Milepost 36.8: Hiram agent's station closed 1949.
Milepost 43.3: Brownfield agent's station closed 1935.
Milepost 49.8: Fryeburg, Maine agent's station closed 1971.
Milepost 54.3: Conway Center, New Hampshire agent's station closed 1933.
Milepost 56.9: Redstone large granite quarry. Agent's station closed 1935.
Milepost 59.3: North Conway agent's station closed 1952.
Milepost 61.4: Intervale Junction with Boston and Maine Railroad to Rochester, New Hampshire. Agent's station closed 1958.
Milepost 64.8: Glen agent's station closed 1950.
Milepost 70.5: Bartlett helper terminal for the westbound grade up through Crawford Notch. Agent's station closed 1962, then reopened 1981-1984.
Milepost 74.8: Sawyer's River junction with Sawyer River Railroad. Agent's station closed 1921.
Milepost 76.6: Bemis flag stop renamed Notchland in 1931.
Milepost 78.2: Carrigain junction with Saco Valley Railroad. Agent's station closed 1898.
Milepost 80.8: Willey House section foreman's house.
Milepost 83.5: Mount Willard section foreman's house.
Milepost 85: Crawford Notch agent's station closed 1955 and sold to Appalachian Mountain Club.
Milepost 88.3: Bretton Woods junction with Boston and Maine Railroad to Mount Washington. Agent's station closed 1958.
Milepost 93.6: Twin Mountain
Milepost 99.5: Quebec Junction with Maine Central Quebec Division (later Beecher Falls branch) to Lime Ridge, Quebec.
Milepost 103.6: Whitefield junction with Boston and Maine Railroad to Berlin, New Hampshire.
Milepost 106.8: Scott, New Hampshire, junction with Boston and Maine Railroad to Groveton, New Hampshire. Agent's station closed 1931.
Milepost 109.1: Lunenburg, Vermont agent's station closed 1924.
Milepost 111.5: Gilman paper mill agent's station closed 1983.
Milepost 113.5: Mayo agent's station closed 1932.
Milepost 116.4: Miles Pond agent's station closed 1921,
Milepost 119.7: Essex agent's station closed 1932.
Milepost 123.5: Concord agent's station closed 1949.
Milepost 127.2: Griswold agent's station closed 1932.
Milepost 131.4: St. Johnsbury interchange with Boston and Maine Railroad (became Canadian Pacific Railroad in 1926) and St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad.
[edit] Rockland Branch
Milepost 0: Brunswick junction with Maine Central Lower Road and Lewiston Branch
Milepost 8.7: Bath with Bath Iron Works shipyard
Milepost 9.5: Woolwich former ferry between Woolwich and Bath replaced by Carlton Bridge over Kennebec River in 1927.
Milepost 20: Wiscasset interchange with narrow-gauge Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway
Milepost 27.1: Newcastle
Milepost 28.9: Damariscotta Mills
Milepost 31.7: Nobleboro
Milepost 38.5: Waldoboro
Milepost 45.3: Warren
Milepost 52.4: Thomaston large cement plant
Milepost 56.6: Rockland ferry connections to Penobscot Bay
[edit] Retraction
Following World War I, Maine Central began retracting. It sold or abandoned lines such as the narrow gauge logging systems, as well as its ferries and steamships. In the 1930s it began to change its locomotives from steam powered to diesel powered. Beginning in 1933, Maine Central entered into a "joint management" agreement with the Boston and Maine Railroad, with which it shared the Portland Terminal Railroad (a switching railroad in Portland).
In 1955, Maine Central completed a purchase of the E&NA line from Bangor to Vanceboro which it had leased in 1882. The deal consisted of $125 per share or $3,114,500 payable in cash or bonds at the election of the E&NA shareholders.
Faced with increased competition from cars, trucks and buses, Maine Central operated its last passenger train on September 5, 1960, and continued to reduce its freight business to reflect changing traffic. On December 17, 1974, Maine Central sold its trackage between Mattawamkeag and Vanceboro to Canadian Pacific for $5.4 million while retaining trackage rights from CPR over the section of line.
[edit] Guilford
In 1980, the railroad was purchased by U.S. Filter Corporation and was then sold in 1981 to Guilford Transportation Industries, which later purchased the Boston and Maine Railroad in 1983 and the Delaware and Hudson Railway in 1984. Initially Guilford operated the system intact, although the system now permitted run-through traffic between central Maine and Boston. By the mid-1980s, Guilford began to rationalize its system and fully one-third of Maine Central's trackage was eliminated, including: the "Mountain Division" from Portland to St. Johnsbury, Vermont; the "Rockland Branch" from Brunswick to Rockland, the "Calais Branch" from Bangor to Calais, and the "Lower Road" from Augusta to Brunswick. Guilford also forced many management and salary changes, resulting in a major strike against the company in 1986.
One of the instigating factors which led to the labor strife at Guilford relates to a corporate reorganization at one of the company's former Maine Central properties. After the Calais Branch was abandoned, a small portion of trackage between Calais and Woodland remained in service to a pulp mill. It was joined to the rest of the North American rail network through a connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway at St. Stephen, New Brunswick and operated through New Brunswick territory for several miles between Calais and Woodland. In order to avoid union agreements that the rest of the rail system was forced to follow, Guilford leased this operation to an obscure B&M subsidiary known as Springfield Terminal Railway. Eventually, the corporate reorganization under Springfield Terminal would extend to the full extent of Guilford operations.
The former Maine Central locomotive shops in Waterville continue as Guilford's main repair shops.
In the early 1990s, Guilford ended its practice of putting the full "Maine Central" name on the long hoods of MEC locomotives. Instead, the locomotives would wear the "Guilford Rail System" moniker, with small "MEC" reporting marks underneath the cab windows.
On November 1, 2003, the Morristown and Erie Railway (M&E) took over the former Maine Central "Lower Road" (main line) and Rockland Branch routes (aided by significant public funding from the state Department of Transportation). M&E is operating these state-owned lines as the Maine Eastern Railroad. Prior to M&E, the Rockland Branch had been operated by Safe Handling, and before that, the Maine Coast Railroad. Several railroad preservation and promotion groups are seeking to have the state-owned Calais Branch and Mountain Division routes reactivated for use by short line or tourist rail operations.
[edit] Pan Am
In the first quarter of 2006, Guilford Transportation Industries officially changed its name to Pan Am Systems, reflecting GTI's purchase of Pan American World Airways in 1998. The rail division of GTI changed its name from Guilford Rail System to Pan Am Railways (PAR). PAR began repainting locomotives in the sky-blue Pan Am colors shortly thereafter.
[edit] Mainline
Pan Am Railways' Boston and Maine Railroad comes into the state of Maine in South Berwick, through the town's southwest corner, continuing northeast through North Berwick, Wells, Kennebunk, Arundel, Biddeford, Saco, Old Orchard Beach, and Scarborough before coming to Rigby Yard in South Portland. Rigby is the historic junction point for the end-to-end MEC and B&M systems.
The MEC main line's western terminus is at Rigby and runs northeast through Portland, Falmouth, Cumberland, and Royal Junction (in Yarmouth). The "Back Road" main line continues northeast through North Yarmouth, New Gloucester, Auburn, Danville Jct., Lewiston, Leeds Jct., Readfield, Belgrade, Waterville, Pittsfield, Hermon, Northern Maine Jct., Bangor, Orono, Old Town, and ends at its eastern terminus at Mattawamkeag.
PAR's Maine Central main line interchanges with the Eastern Maine Railway at Mattawamkeag, the Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway at Northern Maine Jct., and the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad at Danville Jct.
[edit] Branch lines
Maine Central under PAR still has several branch lines in operation.
[edit] Brunswick
The Brunswick branch splits off the mainline at Royal Junction and continues through the center of Yarmouth, before meeting the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad (ex-Canadian National Railway, nee-Grand Trunk Railway) at Yarmouth Junction. The tracks meet at a 90 degree angle, and then the branch line continues through Freeport, where the line crosses under U.S. Route 1. After going through the center of Freeport, the line ends in Brunswick where it meets the Rockland Branch, which is now owned by the Maine Department of Transportation and leased to the Maine Eastern Railroad. This branch is the southern end of the former Maine Central Lower Road.
Milepost 0: Royal Junction with the former Maine Central Back Road.
Milepost 1.8: Yarmouth Junction with St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad
Milepost 7.3: Freeport
Milepost 16: Brunswick junction with the Maine Eastern Railroad and former Lewiston Branch.
Milepost 42.7: Gardiner service discontinued.
Milepost 49.1: Augusta service discontinued.
Milepost 68.5: Waterville former junction with the Maine Central Back Road.
[edit] Rumford
The Rumford branch splits off the mainline at Leeds Junction and continues northwest up the Androscoggin River valley, passing through Livermore Falls, terminating at Rumford. Today's Rumford Branch is made up of the remaining trackage of three earlier branches. The first 20.1 miles are the former Farmington Branch from Crowley's Junction on the Lewiston Branch through Leeds Junction and Livermore Falls to Wilton and Farmington. The next 11 miles are the former Livermore Falls Branch from Canton to Livermore Falls. The last 16.1 miles are the former Rangeley Branch from Rumford Junction on the Maine Central Back Road through Canton and Rumford to Kennebago north of Rangeley Lake.[4]
Milepost 0: Leeds Junction on the Maine Central Back Road
Milepost 7.3: Leeds Center
Milepost 20.1: Livermore Falls former junction with the Farmington Branch north to the narrow-gauge Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad interchange at Farmington
Milepost 24.8: Riley's large paper mill originating or terminating 17,000 annual carloads in 1973.[5]
Milepost 31.1: Canton former junction with the Rangeley Branch south through Mechanic Falls to Rumford Junction on the Maine Central Back Road near Auburn.
Milepost 47.2: Rumford large paper mill originating or terminating 11,000 annual carloads in 1973.[6]
[edit] Bucksport
The Bucksport branch splits off the mainline at Bangor and continues south down the Penobscot River valley, passing through Brewer and terminating at Bucksport. This 19 mi (31 km) branch was chartered in 1870 as the Bucksport and Bangor Railroad and its grade was surveyed in the autumn of 1872. Construction of the line began in the spring of 1873 with trains beginning to run regularly over its whole length on December 21, 1874. The MEC took over operation of the branch from the European and North American Railway in 1883.
Milepost 0: Brewer Junction on the Maine Central Eastern Division 1.2 miles east of Bangor.
Milepost 8.2: South Orrington chemical plant originating or terminating 2,000 annual carloads in 1973.[7]
Milepost 18.1: Bucksport large paper mill and Penobscot Bay seaport originating or terminating 18,000 annual carloads in 1973.[8]
[edit] Calais
The Calais branch is a short, isolated section of former MEC trackage at the far eastern edge of Maine, running from a pulp mill in Woodlands to the city of Calais. Once part of a much longer line that ran from Bangor to Calais, it has been cut back to the present trackage and for part of the way it runs through the neighbouring province of New Brunswick, Canada where it interchanges with the New Brunswick Southern Railway. In January 2006 the 30 mi (48 km) segment of the Calais Branch from Brewer to Washington Junction, East of Ellsworth, was leased by owner MaineDOT to the not for profit Downeast Rail Heritage Preservation Trust. The Trust is currently working on rehabilitation of the line to begin excursion service from Ellsworth to Green Lake, Maine.
[edit] References
- Johnson, Ron (undated). Maine Central R.R. Mountain Division. 470 Railroad Club.
- Lewis, Edward A. (1974). Vermont's Covered Bridge Road. The Baggage Car.
- Maine Central Railroad (1917). Hand-Book of Officers, Agents, Stations, and Sidings. Edwin B. Robertson.
- The Secretary of Transportation (1974). Rail Service to the Midwest and Northeast Region. U.S.Government Printing Office.
- ^ Excerpt from an article in the Portland (ME) Weekly Advertiser of January 28, 1870, relating to the Report of the Maine Railroad Commission for 1869. CPRR.org. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
- ^ a b Report of False Abandonment of Belfast Branch. Railroad Photographic History Museum. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
- ^ MEC cancellation notice. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
- ^ Maine Central Railroad 1917 pp.9-11
- ^ The Secretary of Transportation 1974
- ^ Secretary of Transportation 1974
- ^ Secretary of Transportation 1974
- ^ Secretary of Transportation 1974
[edit] External links
Major railroad systems in New England, pre-1930s |
|---|
| Bangor and Aroostook · Boston and Albany (NYC) · Boston and Maine · Canadian Pacific · Central Vermont (CN) · Grand Trunk (CN) · Maine Central · New Haven · Rutland |
Current (operating) Class I railroads of North America |
|---|
| United States: AMTK, BNSF, CSXT, GTW, KCS, NS, SOO, UP - Canada: CN, CP, VIA - Mexico: FXE, TFM, KCSM, FSRR
See also: List of USA/Canada/Mexico Class I Railroads, List of USA/Canadian Class II Railroads, Class III railroad, Class 2 Railroads in Canada, Short-line railroad, List of United States railroads, List of Canadian railroads, List of Mexican railroads |
