Maestro
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Maestro (or maestra for women) means "master" or "teacher" in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. It is used in English to designate a master in an artistic field - usually someone who has gained enough knowledge within that field to be able to teach students successfully, though the term may sometimes be conferred through sheer respect for an artist's works. The term is most commonly used with respect to classical music and opera, most likely due to the heavy influence of Italian operatic traditions in many Western classical and operatic music schools. For instance, composers, orchestra conductors, and music teachers are frequently given this title. The word is less commonly, but sometimes, used in other fine arts traditions such as drawing, painting, and sculpture as well, but there "master", as in Old Master, Old master print etc, is far more common. In this sense it is derived from the rank of "free master" in a guild such as the painters' guild. When not used in a satirical sense, it is a highly respectful term, meant to convey appreciation for the skill of the master artist.
The terms maestro and maestra are both used in a similar way in the sport of fencing, but for a fencing master.
[edit] Middle East, Asia, and Indonesia
The Middle East, South Asia, and Indonesia have equivalent terms which are more likely to be used to refer to musical masters in those areas:
- Ustad/Ostad (or Ustaz/Ostaz) (also meaning "master" or "teacher") is used in Persian, Arabic, Turkish (Usta), Malay, Urdu and Hindi to denote a master of high skill. Ustad is commonly used while addressing a very highly respected music teacher.
- Pangrawit is used to denote a master of Javanese music
- Pandit is a term used in Brindia for a scholar or a skilled master and is the honorific title for an expert musician. The Muslims in India, however, use the title Ustad.fr:Maestro
nl:Maestro (kunst)
