London borough
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The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. Twelve of these plus the City of London constitute Inner London, while twenty others constitute Outer London.
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poly 187 132 189 138 203 142 205 135 201 130 194 131 City of London poly 154 121 142 125 154 146 163 146 167 155 179 155 183 141 186 141 186 133 179 134 167 120 City of Westminster poly 135 127 145 129 154 147 166 142 168 156 156 161 136 145 Kensington and Chelsea poly 123 123 134 125 139 147 155 163 155 172 141 172 126 158 120 149 Hammersmith and Fulham poly 157 164 167 158 181 158 174 170 176 189 174 205 155 205 148 193 124 196 117 176 132 171 150 174 Wandsworth poly 183 141 170 174 179 192 171 210 181 211 204 204 195 182 197 173 190 141 Lambeth poly 194 139 207 144 219 139 227 141 227 151 218 152 222 180 214 182 205 201 194 184 200 171 193 161 197 150 193 147 Southwark poly 203 126 204 122 228 109 241 135 239 154 231 154 231 140 226 137 203 140 Tower Hamlets poly 199 127 195 123 200 109 192 96 194 89 207 89 229 103 228 109 203 117 Hackney poly 174 93 174 105 186 129 194 128 194 119 199 109 185 92 Islington poly 157 91 172 91 172 101 186 129 180 136 167 121 150 119 138 105 Camden poly 109 69 120 83 120 94 126 94 147 118 134 124 120 120 109 124 99 124 82 105 87 84 Brent poly 122 125 124 141 116 150 102 149 71 151 64 156 49 149 62 127 43 121 65 107 75 105 89 113 99 126 Ealing poly 25 182 36 205 56 208 69 195 61 190 63 183 84 179 102 159 110 167 116 167 124 156 124 151 73 153 67 159 49 153 45 172 36 185 Hounslow poly 128 156 136 165 123 174 127 192 108 207 97 198 91 229 59 215 59 210 70 190 66 189 66 184 84 186 101 163 114 174 Richmond upon Thames poly 90 279 93 234 99 205 109 210 120 200 129 232 125 238 Kingston poly 122 199 148 190 173 206 180 211 180 225 139 235 132 234 Merton poly 129 236 132 271 167 279 187 262 180 231 Sutton poly 188 203 183 224 190 259 168 285 188 305 243 273 227 232 206 208 Croydon poly 202 204 235 236 251 298 291 299 318 213 278 197 257 189 258 200 236 209 225 202 Bromley poly 259 195 233 209 229 201 207 198 223 180 218 164 218 156 227 153 233 165 251 165 245 173 Lewisham poly 242 140 252 147 272 146 283 133 298 133 298 161 281 164 280 172 278 190 272 199 248 176 252 165 237 163 234 154 240 152 Greenwich poly 301 132 318 135 326 152 342 152 315 194 315 210 280 196 283 167 300 162 Bexley poly 306 50 308 91 322 93 328 102 315 132 322 138 324 149 341 149 395 109 360 58 346 44 Havering poly 272 111 275 122 286 131 311 132 327 102 320 95 305 93 308 71 297 79 300 93 287 107 Barking and Dagenham poly 249 48 281 58 302 49 306 65 297 77 297 93 286 106 270 107 261 96 261 102 250 102 243 74 249 61 242 54 Redbridge poly 230 108 259 104 264 102 271 120 283 131 272 142 250 144 241 140 Newham poly 231 105 218 100 210 87 231 34 251 47 241 52 246 61 241 72 246 102 Waltham Forest poly 209 88 218 64 173 65 157 90 171 94 180 87 190 94 Haringey poly 150 22 175 47 171 62 218 62 234 12 163 3 Enfield poly 147 21 174 47 167 69 146 101 123 94 119 80 93 44 Barnet poly 47 65 60 107 81 106 112 72 89 41 Harrow poly 4 50 2 173 28 185 46 172 48 152 62 126 42 121 58 109 44 63 Hillingdon </imagemap> | ||
| † not a London borough | ||
[edit] Functions
The London boroughs are administered by London Borough Councils which are elected every four years. There are three councils which do not use the term "London Borough of" in their names. Westminster has city status; its council is termed Westminster City Council and the borough is termed City of Westminster. Kingston upon Thames and Kensington and Chelsea are "Royal Boroughs", and use this designation in their official names.
The London boroughs are the most important unit of local government in London, and are responsible for running most local services in their areas, such as schools, social services, waste collection and roads. Some London-wide services are run by the Greater London Authority, and some services and lobbying of government are pooled within the Association of London Government, which recently changed its name to London Councils. Some London borough councils also group together for such services as waste collection and disposal, e.g. the West London Waste Authority.
The London boroughs are local government districts and have similar functions to metropolitan boroughs. Each London borough is a Local Education Authority. Until 1990 the Inner London boroughs were served by a shared LEA, the Inner London Education Authority.
[edit] History
The present London boroughs were created by the London Government Act 1963. They came into existence on April 1 1965 with the creation of Greater London. The first London Borough elections had been held in 1964 with the newly elected London Borough Councils acting as "shadow" authorities before coming into power the following year.
They had wider authority than the inner London metropolitan boroughs and neighbouring urban districts and municipal boroughs which they mostly replaced, but less power than the three county boroughs of Croydon, West Ham and East Ham, which ceased to exist at the same time.
Between 1965 and 1986 the London boroughs were part of a two-tier system of government, and shared power with the Greater London Council (GLC). However on 1 April 1986, the GLC was abolished, the London boroughs inherited most of its powers and became in effect unitary authorities (combining both county and borough functions). Since the creation in 2000 of a new Greater London Authority, covering the former GLC area but with more limited powers, the boroughs now have powers intermediate between those of English unitary authorities and non-metropolitan districts within shire counties.
The City of London is administered by its own distinct body, the Corporation of London, which predates the London boroughs.
The word borough has cognates in virtually every Germanic language, as well as other Indo-European languages. For a fuller explanation, see under borough.
[edit] Inner London boroughs
| London Borough | Former metropolitan boroughs |
|---|---|
| Camden | Hampstead, Holborn, St Pancras |
| Greenwich | Greenwich, most of Woolwich |
| Hackney | Hackney, Shoreditch, Stoke Newington |
| Hammersmith and Fulham | Hammersmith, Fulham |
| Islington | Islington, Finsbury |
| Kensington and Chelsea | Kensington, Chelsea |
| Lambeth | Lambeth (and Streatham and Clapham from Wandsworth) |
| Lewisham | Lewisham, Deptford |
| Southwark | Bermondsey, Camberwell, Southwark |
| Tower Hamlets | Bethnal Green, Poplar, Stepney |
| Wandsworth | Battersea, Wandsworth (except Streatham and Clapham) |
| Westminster | Paddington, St Marylebone, Westminster |
[edit] Outer London boroughs
See also: List of places in London
[edit] See also
- The Five Boroughs (New York City)
[edit] External links
- London Borough of Hackney Council's map page
- London Borough of Islington council map page with clickable map linking to each borough's web site.
Image:Flag of the City of London.svg City of London • Greater London • London | |
|---|---|
| London boroughs | Barking and Dagenham · Barnet · Bexley · Brent · Bromley · Camden · Croydon · Ealing · Enfield · Greenwich · Hackney · Hammersmith and Fulham · Haringey · Harrow · Havering · Hillingdon · Hounslow · Islington · Kensington and Chelsea · Kingston · Lambeth · Lewisham · Merton · Newham · Redbridge · Richmond · Southwark · Sutton · Tower Hamlets · Waltham Forest · Wandsworth · Westminster |
| Sui generis | City of London (includes the enclaves Inner Temple and Middle Temple) |
| Local government | |
London portal | |
| Region level: | Region | Region | Region | Region |
| County level: | Metropolitan county | Shire county | Unitary authority | Greater London |
| District level: | Metropolitan district | Shire district | n/a | London borough |
| Parish level: | (Civil parish) | (Civil parish) | (Civil parish) | n/a |
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