London City Airport

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London City Airport

Image:LCYlogo.jpg

Image:London.City.Airport.jpg

IATA: LCY – ICAO: EGLC
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner AIG, GE Capital and Credit Suisse
Operator London City Airport Ltd.
Serves London
Location London Docklands
Elevation AMSL 19 ft / 6 m
Coordinates 51°30′18″N 000°03′19″E / 51.505, 0.05528
Website www.londoncityairport.com
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
10/28 1,508 4,984 Grooved Concrete
Statistics (2006)
Aircraft Movements 79,436
Passengers 2,358,184
Source: UK AIP at NATS
Statistics from the UK CAA[1][2]

London City Airport (IATA: LCY, ICAO: EGLC) is a single-runway airport, intended for use by STOL (Short Take Off and Landing) airliners, and principally serving the financial districts of London. This airport could also be considered a STOLport. It is located on a former Docklands site, in the London Borough of Newham in East London, England, and was developed by the engineering company Mowlem in 1986/87. London City is the fifth-largest international airport in size serving the London area after Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton.

London City Airport has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P728) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction, subject to an aircraft being approved for a 5.5 degree or steeper approach.

The airport has produced a master plan outlining their vision for growth up to 2030. The plan shows a phased expansion of the airport to a maximum capacity of 8 million passengers per annum, without the addition of a second runway, or significant expansion of the current airport boundaries.[3]

Contents

[edit] History of the airport

[edit] Proposal and construction

The airport was first proposed in 1981 by Reg Ward, who was Chief Executive of the newly formed London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) that was responsible for the regeneration of the area. He in turn discussed the proposal with Sir Philip Beck (Chairman of John Mowlem & Co plc) and the idea of an airport for Docklands was born. By November of that year Mowlem and Brymon Airways had submitted an outline proposal to the LDDC for a Docklands STOLport city centre gateway.[4]

On 27 June 1982 Brymon Captain Harry Gee landed a de Havilland Canada Dash 7 aircraft on Heron Quays, in the nearby West India Docks, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the STOLport project. Later that year the LDDC published a feasability study, an opinion poll amongst local residents showed a majority in favour of the development of the airport, and Mowlem submitted the application for planning permission.[4]

A 63 day planning enquiry started on 6 June 1983. By the middle of the following year, the Secretary of State for Transport had indicated that he was disposed to agree the application, but asked for further details. After the failure of a court case brought by the Greater London Council in 1985, outline planning permission was granted in May of that year, followed by the grant of detailed planning permission in early 1986.[4]

Construction began on the site shortly after permission was granted, with the Prince of Wales laying the foundation stone of the terminal building on May 29 1986. The first aircraft landed on May 31 1987, with the first commercial services operating from October 26 1987. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened London City Airport in November of the same year.[4]

Placing a commercial airport into congested airspace (the London Terminal Movements Area (TMA)) was a challenge for the National Air Traffic Service (NATS). In the event, a new airspace authority, Thames Radar, was established to provide a radar control service and provide safe separations for London City arrivals and departures.[citation needed]

[edit] Operation and extension

Image:Royal Albert dock looking east towards city airport.jpg
Looking east to London City Airport from Royal Victoria Dock

In 1988, the first full year of operation, the airport handled 133,000 passengers. The earliest scheduled flights were operated to and from Paris, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. With a runway of only 1080 metres in length, and a glideslope of 7.5 degrees, the airport could only be used by a very limited number of aircraft types, principally the Dash 7 and the smaller Dornier Do 228. In 1989, the airport submitted a planning application to extend the runway, allowing the use of a larger number of aircraft types.[4][5]

In 1990 the airport handled 230,000 passenger, but the figures fell drastically after the Gulf War and did not recover until 1993 when 245,000 passengers were carried. By this time the extended runway had been approved and opened (on March 5 1992). At the same time the glideslope was reduced to 5.5 degrees, still steep for a European airport, but sufficient to allow a larger range of aircraft, including the BAe 146 regional jet liner, to serve the airport.[4]

By 1995 passenger numbers reached the half million, and Mowlen sold the airport to Irish businessman Dermot Desmond. Five years later passenger numbers had climbed to 1,580,000, and over 52,000 flights were operated. In 2002 the new jet centre catering for corporate aviation was opened, along with additional aircraft stands at the western end of the apron. In 2003 a new holding point was established at the eastern end of the runway, enabling aircraft awaiting takeoff to hold there whilst other aircraft landed.[4]

By 2006, more than 2.3 million passengers used the airport. On December 2 2006, London City Airport DLR station opened on a branch of the Docklands Light Railway, providing rail access to the airport for the first time, and providing fast rail links to Canary Wharf and the City of London. On November 30 2006, the airport was sold to a consortium consisting of insurer AIG, GE Capital and Credit Suisse.[2][4]

[edit] The airport today

The location of London City Airport within Greater London

[edit] Operations

The airport has stringent rules imposed on the noise impact from aircraft operations. This, together with the physical dimensions of the runway and the steep glideslope, limits the aircraft types that can use London City Airport.

Mid-range airliners seen at London City include the ATR42, DHC Dash 8, BAe-146 Whisperjet, Dornier 328, Embraer ERJ 135, Embraer E-Jets[6], Fokker 70, Fokker 50 and Saab 2000. Successfull compatability testing for the Airbus A318 was undertaken in 2006.

Corporate aircraft such as the Beechcraft Super King Air, Cessna Citation, Hawker 400, Hawker 800, and variants of the Dassault Falcon bizjet are increasingly common. Helicopters are denied access for environmental reasons.

Operations are restricted to periods from 05.30 to 21.00 Monday to Friday, 05.30 to 11.30 on Saturdays and 11.30 to 21.00 on Sundays. The 24 hour closure of the airport between 11.30 on Saturday and 11.30 on Sunday is in order to give local residents some relief from the noise generated by aircraft operations.[7]

The size of the airport, constrained by the water-filled Royal Albert and King George V docks to the north and south respectively, means that there are no covered maintenance facilities for aircraft.

[edit] Terminal facilities

London City Airport is small compared to the other four London international airports. This, however, is beneficial for those using the airport, in that the experience is pleasant and hassle-free for the many business travellers from London's Docklands and financial district, also leisure passengers. Inside the terminal there are 26 check-in desks plus an extra five self-service kiosks for BA, Air France, Lufthansa and SAS. There are nine gates at London City Airport and a further five stands connected via an airside bus.

It has become a useful adjunct to London's larger airports, particularly for workers in Docklands, and has met its operating costs in recent years. It is an important element in the Newham labour market and, together with the nearby ExCeL Exhibition Centre, has stimulated a local surge of hotel building. On the other hand the airport flight path restricts the maximum height of new skyscrapers in and around Canary Wharf, and the management keeps a close watch on planning applications for tall buildings in the area.

London City Airport is the closest private jet centre to central London. In 2005 the centre was voted the best corporate aviation passenger handling facility in Europe by European Business Air News.

LCY is at its busiest during the winter months, when a rise in total passengers is seen due to flights to ski resorts run by Swiss International Air Lines.[citation needed]

[edit] Airlines and destinations

The following airlines fly to London City Airport:

[edit] Ground transportation

Image:City Airport station.jpg
London City Airport DLR station

London City Airport is linked to both London's new financial district at Canary Wharf and to the traditional financial district of the City of London via the Docklands Light Railway, and with interchange to the London Underground at various stations. London City Airport DLR station is situated immediately adjacent to the terminal building, with enclosed access to and from the elevated platforms.

The airport is served by London Bus services 473 and 474 running to local East London destinations, however the express shuttle buses that formerly ran to various destination were withdrawn after the DLR line was built. The airport also has both short and long term car parks, both within walking distance of the terminal, and a taxi rank immediately outside the terminal door.

[edit] Future of the airport

[edit] Apron extension

London City Airport was granted planning permission to construct an extended apron with five additional aircraft parking stands to the east of the terminal in 2001. Work is currently underway to construct this apron, which will be carried on piles above the water of the King George V Dock.[8]

[edit] Airport masterplan

In response to the UK government white paper The Future of Air Transport, the airport operators have produced a master plan outlining their vision for growth up to 2030. The plan was subject to public consultation during spring 2006, and has been republished incorporating comments from this consultation. The master plan shows a phased expansion of the airport, giving the capability of handling 8 million passengers per annum by 2030. It does not propose the addition of a second runway, or significant expansion of the current airport boundaries.[3]

Phase 1 of this development would be undertaken by 2015. It would include the currently in progress construction of the eastern apron extension and provision of a finger pier to the south of this apron to provide passenger access to aircraft using the new parking stands. The terminal building would also be extended to use the triangle of land between it and the railway station. The existing jet centre serving corporate aviation would be extended, a new hanger built to allow aircraft maintenance, and a replacement fire station provided.[9]

Phases 2 and 3 would be undertaken between 2015 and 2030. Further aircraft parking stands would be built to the east of the terminal, and a taxiway would be constructed alongside and to the south of the runway, to avoid the need for aircraft to back-track on the runway. Both these developments would involve further reduction in the water area of of the King George V Dock. The existing fuel farm would be relocated to a site at the east of the airport, where it could be supplied by barge, and linked to a hydrant based supply system, thus eliminating both road tanker deliveries and on-airport fuel bowser movements. The existing surface car park would be replaced by a multi-storey car park, allowing extension of the vehicle drop-off and pick up area. The jet centre and hanger facilities would be further extended. Finally the existing terminal building would be replaced.[9]

In line with phase 1 of the master plan, London City Airport made a planning application to the London Borough of Newham in August 2007. This would allow it to increase the number of flights per year from 80,000 to 120,000 by 2010.[10]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Aircraft Movements. Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved on 2007-07-27.
  2. ^ a b Terminal and Transit Passengers. Civil Aviation Authority. Retrieved on 2007-07-27.
  3. ^ a b London City Airport Master Plan. London City Airport. Retrieved on 2008-01-02.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Airport History. London City Airport Consultative Committee. Retrieved on 2008-01-02.
  5. ^ Constructing the Airport. London City Airport Consultative Committee. Retrieved on 2008-01-02.
  6. ^ ERJ 170 Approved for LCY. Aviation Today (2007-06-22). Retrieved on 2008-01-03.
  7. ^ United Kingdom AIP. NATS. Retrieved on 2007-11-28.
  8. ^ London City Airport Master Plan 13. London City Airport (2006-11). Retrieved on 2008-01-02.
  9. ^ a b London City Airport Master Plan 24-26. London City Airport (2006-11). Retrieved on 2008-01-02.
  10. ^ London City Airport Planning Application. London City Airport. Retrieved on 2008-01-02.

[edit] External links


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