List of republics

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List of republics is a list of countries or states governed as a republic.

For Antiquity (or later in the case of societies that did not refer to a Western terminology to qualify their form of government) the assessment of whether a state organisation is a republic is an analysis by retrospect, left to the discretion of historians and political theorists.

For more recent systems of government worldwide organisations with a broad political acceptance, like the United Nations, can provide information on whether or not a sovereign state is referred to as a republic.

Contents

[edit] Antiquity

  • Doric Greek city-states of Crete[citation needed]
  • Sparta[citation needed]
  • Carthage (c. 8th century BC- 146 BC)[citation needed]
  • Athens under the separate reforms of Solon and Cleisthenes.[citation needed]
  • Roman Republic (c. 509 – 27 BC) and many other Italian cities.[citation needed]
  • Licchavi (c. 600 BCE - 400 AD)[citation needed]

[edit] Middle Ages and Renaissance

[edit] Enlightenment and later

In modern usage, a republican form of government is applied loosely to any state which claims this designation. [2] So for example the Dominican Republic under Rafael Trujillo is considered a republic, as is the Republic of Iraq under Saddam Hussein and the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under Joseph Stalin. The Kingdom of Sweden (which in 2006 ranked highest in the Economist's index of democracy) [3] is not a republic, but the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea (which ranks lowest in the same survey) is.

[edit] Unitary republics

Unitary republics are unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature.

[edit] Federal republics

Federal republics are federal states in which the administrative divisions (states or provinces) theoretically retain a degree of autonomy which is constitutionally protected, and cannot be revoked unilaterally by the national government.

[edit] Confederal republics

Confederal republics are associations of sovereign states, usually having power over critical common issues such as defence and foreign affairs:

[edit] Arab Republics

  • Egypt[citation needed]
  • Syria is the "Arab Republic" reflecting its theoretically pan-Arab Ba'athist government.[citation needed]
  • Yemen[citation needed]

[edit] Islamic Republics

Republics governed in accordance with Islamic law:

[edit] Democratic Republics

These are republics which use the word "democratic" in their official name. Their actual political systems can vary considerably.

[edit] Socialist Republics

These are republics which use the word "socialist" in their official name.

[edit] People's Republics

Meant to be governed by the people, this name is most often (but not always) used by communist states.

Former People's Republics:

  • Hungary (1949–1989)[citation needed]
  • Mongolia (1924–1992)[citation needed]
  • Albania (1946–1976)[citation needed]
  • Bulgaria (1946–1990)[citation needed]
  • Romania (1947–1965)[citation needed]
  • Poland (1952–1989)[citation needed]
  • South Yemen (1967–1970)[citation needed]
  • Benin (1975–1990)[citation needed]
  • Congo (1970–1992)[citation needed]
  • Mozambique (1975–1990)[citation needed]
  • Angola (1975–1992)[citation needed]
  • Ethiopia (1987–1991)[citation needed]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Brief history of Novgorod. WayToRussia.Net. Retrieved on 2007-12-26.
  2. ^ Republic, Oxford English Dictionary, SECOND EDITION 1989
  3. ^ Laza Kekic, The Economist Intelligence Units Index of democracy, The Economist: The World in 2007
  4. ^ Carrington, Dorothy, "The Corsican Constitution of Pasquale Paoli (1755-1769)," The English Historical Review, July 1973, pp 481-503
  5. ^ Kitromilides, Paschalis (2006). Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship, ISBN 0-74862-478-3
  6. ^ "Wee, Small Republics: A Few Examples of Popular Government," Hawaiian Gazette, Nov 1, 1895, p 1
  7. ^ "Smallest State in the World," New York Times, June 19, 1896, p 6
  8. ^ "Tiny Nation to Vote: Smallest Republic in the World to Hold a Presidential Election," Lowell Daily Sun, Sep 17, 1896
  9. ^ "Nation of 55 People: Republic of Tavolara in Its Third Presidential Campaign" Boston Globe, Jan 10, 1897, p 34
  10. ^ Mexico. The World Factbook. CIA (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
  11. ^ Nepal declared republican state - Gorkhapatra Sansthan - State Owned Newspaper.
  12. ^ United States. The World Factbook. CIA (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
  13. ^ Algeria. The World Factbook. CIA (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
  14. ^ Bangladesh. The World Factbook. CIA (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
  15. ^ China. The World Factbook. CIA (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
  16. ^ Laos. The World Factbook. CIA (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
  17. ^ Korea, North. The World Factbook. CIA (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-21.
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