List of basic music topics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents 1 General topics 2 History of music 3 Music industry topics 4 People 5 Ensembles 6 Genres of music 6.1 Music by region 7 Musical compositions 7.1 Types of musical pieces and compositions 7.2 Sections of a piece or composition 8 Musical skills and procedures 8.1 Vocal ranges 8.1.1 Female ranges 8.1.2 Male ranges 9 Instruments 10 Aspects and components of music 10.1 Fundamental aspects 10.1.1 Primary aspects 10.1.2 Secondary aspects 10.2 Notes, chords and intervals 10.3 Scales 10.4 Ornaments 11 See also 12 External links

Music is a human expression in the medium of time using the structures of sounds or tones and silence. It is expressed in terms of pitch, rhythm, harmony, and timbre.

The following list of topics is provided as an overview of and introduction to music:

[edit] General topics

Music theory – Musical acoustics – Band (music) – Composition – Ensemble – Genre – Instrument – Keyboard – Mode – Musician – Music and politics – Music history – Music lessons – Music technology – Musical notation – Musical terminology – Tuning

[edit] History of music

Main articles: History of music and Music history

[edit] Music industry topics

Main article: Music industry

Album – Compact disk (CD) – Compact Cassette – Concert – Concert tour – Grammy Awards – Music recording sales certification – Performance – Record – Record industry – Recording studio

[edit] People

A&R – ASCAP – Arranger – Band manager – Booker – BMI – Composer – Copyright collective – MCPS – Musical ensemble – Musician – Musicians' Union – publisher – PRS – Record label – Record producer – Record manufacturer – Record distributor – Road crew ("roadies") – Singer – Songwriter – Performance rights organisation – Tour promoter

[edit] Ensembles

Main articles: Musical ensemble and list of musical ensembles

Band – Choir – Concert band – Duet – Marching Band – Orchestra – Quartet – Quintet

[edit] Genres of music

Main articles: Musical genre and List of musical genres

Examples of genres:    Blues – Classical – Country – Dub – Electronic – Electronic dance – Electronica – Funk – Gospel – Hip hop – Jazz – Latin American – Melodic – Pop – Progressive Rock – Rapcore – Reggae – Rap – Rhythm and blues – Rock – Ska

[edit] Music by region

Main article: List of cultural and regional genres of music

v • d • e Music of Africa
Sovereign states	Algeria · Angola · Benin · Botswana · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cameroon · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Comoros · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) · Djibouti · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Gabon · The Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Kenya · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · Sudan · Swaziland · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe
Dependencies, autonomies and other territories	Canary Islands (Spain) · Ceuta (Spain) · Madeira (Portugal) · Mayotte (France) · Melilla (Spain) · Puntland · Réunion (France) · St. Helena (UK) · Socotra (Yemen) · Somaliland · Southern Sudan · Western Sahara · Zanzibar (Tanzania)

v • d • e Music of North America
Sovereign states	Antigua and Barbuda · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Canada · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominica · Dominican Republic · El Salvador · Grenada · Guatemala · Haiti · Honduras · Jamaica · Mexico · Nicaragua · Panama* · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Trinidad and Tobago* · United States	Image:North-America.png
Dependencies and other territories	Anguilla · Aruba* · Bermuda · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Greenland · Guadeloupe · Martinique · Montserrat · Navassa Island · Netherlands Antilles* · Puerto Rico · Saint Barthélemy · Saint Martin · Saint Pierre and Miquelon · Turks and Caicos Islands · U. S. Virgin Islands
* Territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas (South America).

v • d • e Music of South America
Sovereign states	Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama* · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago* · Uruguay · Venezuela	Image:South America.png
Dependencies	Aruba* (Netherlands) · Falkland Islands (UK) · French Guiana (France) · Netherlands Antilles* (Netherlands) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK)
* Territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas (North America).

v • d • e Music of Asia
Sovereign states and other territories	Afghanistan · Armenia · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Burma · Cambodia · China (People's Republic of China [Hong Kong · Macau] · Republic of China (Taiwan)) · Cyprus · East Timor1 · Egypt1 · Georgia1 · India · Indonesia1 · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan1 · Korea (North Korea · South Korea) · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Palestinian territories · Philippines · Qatar · Russia1 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka  · Syria · Tajikistan · Thailand · Turkey1 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen1
1countries spanning more than one continent

v • d • e Music of Europe
Sovereign states	Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Austria · Azerbaijan2 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus1 · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia2 · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan2 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia3 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey3 · Ukraine · United Kingdom (England · Scotland · Northern Ireland · Wales) · Vatican City
Dependencies, autonomies, and other territories	Abkhazia2 · Adjara1 · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · Azores · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gagauzia · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Jan Mayen · Jersey · Kosovo · Isle of Man · Madeira4 · Nagorno-Karabakh1 · Nakhchivan1 · South Ossetia2 · Svalbard · Transnistria · Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus1, 5
1 Entirely in Southwest Asia; included here because of cultural, political and historical association with Europe. 2 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia. 3 Mostly in Asia. 4 Entirely in the African Plate, included here because of cultural, political and historical association with Europe. 5 Only recognised by Turkey.

v • d • e Music of Oceania
Australasia	Image:LocationAustralasia.png Australia · Norfolk Island · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · New Zealand
Melanesia	Image:Melanesia.png East Timor1 · Fiji · Indonesia1 · New Caledonia · Papua New Guinea · Solomon Islands · Vanuatu
Micronesia	Image:Micronesia.png Guam · Kiribati · Marshall Islands · Northern Mariana Islands · Federated States of Micronesia · Nauru · Palau
Polynesia	Image:Polynesia.png American Samoa · Cook Islands · French Polynesia · Niue · Pitcairn · Samoa · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuvalu · Wallis and Futuna
1 countries spanning more than one continent

[edit] Musical compositions

[edit] Types of musical pieces and compositions

Main article: Musical form

Single-movement forms:    Strophic form (AA...) – Binary form (AB) – Ternary form less often tertiary (ABA) – Arch form (ABCBA)

Multi-movement forms:    Ballet – Cantata – Chorale – Concerto – Dance – Etude – Fantasia – Fugue – Mass – Opera – Oratorio – Prelude – Requiem – Rhapsody – Sonata – Suite – Symphonic poem – Symphony

[edit] Sections of a piece or composition

Main article: Section

Introduction – Exposition – Recapitulation – Verse – Refrain (chorus) – Conclusion – Coda – Fadeout – Bridge – Interlude

[edit] Musical skills and procedures

Absolute pitch – Ear training – Fingering – Learning music by ear – Modulation – Numerical sight-singing – Practice – Relative pitch – Sight reading – Transposition – Tuning – Virtuosity

[edit] Vocal ranges

Main article: Vocal range

[edit] Female ranges

Soprano – Mezzo-soprano – Contralto

[edit] Male ranges

Boy soprano

Sopranist – Alto – Tenor – Baritenor – Baritone – Bass-baritone – Bass

[edit] Instruments

Main articles: Musical instrument and List of musical instruments

Wind instruments – LamellOphones – Percussion instruments – String instruments – Voice – Electronic instruments – Keyboard instruments

See also the List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number

[edit] Aspects and components of music

Main articles: Aspects of music, music theory, music notation, and musical terminology, Dynamics (music)

A cappella – Ad libitum – Basso – Basso continuo – Cent – Circle of fifths – Clef – Compound metre – Crescendo – Diminuendo – Intonation – Inversion – Key – Key signature – Leading-tone – Ligature – Measure – Octave illusion – Range – Riff – Staccato – Staff – Step – Syncopation– Time signature

[edit] Fundamental aspects

European classical school:    Melody – Harmony – Rhythm – Tone color – Form

[edit] Primary aspects

Pitch:    Melody – Harmony – Tonality – Tessitura – Tuning or Temperament

Timbre:    Tone color and Articulation

Dynamics (intensity):    Loudness and Accent (stress)

Duration:    Pulse – Beat – Rhythm – Rhythmic density – Meter – Tempo

[edit] Secondary aspects

Structure:    Motive, Subphrase, Phrase, Phrase group, Period, Section, Exposition, Repetition, Variation, Development, Textural continuity

Texture:    homophony, polyphony, heterophony, and simultaneity

Style:    is what distinguishes an individual composer or group, period, genre, region, or manner of performance

[edit] Notes, chords and intervals

Main articles: Note, chord, and interval

Added tone chord – Augmentation – Augmented chord – Blue note – Chord progression – Diminished chord – Dominant – Fifth – Flatted fifth – Fourth – Hexachord – List of major chord shapes for guitar – Major chord – Major second – Major seventh – Major sixth – Major third – Minor chord – Minor second – Minor seventh – Minor sixth – Minor third – Octave – Perfect fifth – Perfect fourth – Power chord – Second – Seventh – Shape note – Sixth – Third – Triad – Wolf interval

[edit] Scales

Main article: Scale

Bohlen-Pierce scale – Chromatic scale – Diatonic scale – Diminished scale – Major scale – Minor scale – Pentatonic scale

Proper fingering of the major and minor scales on the piano

[edit] Ornaments

Main article: Ornament

Acciaccatura – Appoggiatura – Glissando – Mordent – Tremolo – Trill – Turn

[edit] See also

v • d • e Music
History	Ancient music · Medieval music · Renaissance music · Baroque music · Classical music · Romantic music · 20th century music · Contemporary music	Image:GClef.svg
Composition	Musical notation · Musical improvisation · Music theory
Education	Music history · Musicology · Ethnomusicology · Music cognition  · Music therapy
Production	Music genre · Album · Song · Suite · Lyrics · Record label · Record producer · Musician · Composer · Musical form · Compilation album
Lists	Basic Topics · Topics · Terminology · Musical forms
Miscellaneous	Definition of music · Music theory · Musical instrument · Music and politics · Music and mathematics · Music industry
Category · Portal · Project

[edit] External links

• VMuzica.com - Video Music
• The Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary, with definitions, pronunciations, examples, quizzes and simulations
• The Music-Web Music Encyclopedia, for musicians, composers and music lovers
• Dolmetsch free online music dictionary, complete, with references to a list of specialised music dictionaries (by continent, by instrument, by genre, etc.)
• Musico-Dico, a little music encyclopedia.
• "On Hermeneutical Ethics and Education: Bach als Erzieher", a paper by Prof. Miguel Ángel Quintana Paz in which he explains the history of the different views hold about music in Western societies, since the Ancient Greece to our days.