List of Polish monarchs
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Image:Matejko Jadwiga.jpg
Queen Jadwiga of Poland, who was crowned King.
Image:AnnaJagiellonka.MarcinKober.1595.ws.jpg
Anna Jagiellon, who was elected King.
Poland, or at least its nucleus, was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes) (ca. 10th-14th century) or by Kings (ca. 11th-18th century). The longest-reigning dynasties were the Piasts (ca. 960 – 1370) and Jagiellons (1386–1572). Intervening and subsequent monarchs were often rulers of foreign countries or princes recruited from foreign dynasties. Polish independence ended with the Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795) and was restored at the end of World War I (1918) on a republican basis.
Contents |
[edit] Monarchs of Poland
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemowit | Piast | Duke 9th century | legendary; son of Piast |
| Lestko | Piast | Duke 9th-10th century | legendary; son of Siemowit |
| Siemomysł | Piast | Duke 10th century | legendary |
| Mieszko I | Piast | Duke 960?-992 | son of Siemomysł first Christian monarch |
| Bolesław I the Brave (Boleslas I) | Piast | Duke 992-1025 King 1025 | son of Mieszko first to be crowned King |
| Mieszko II Lambert | Piast | King 1025-1031 | son of Boleslas I |
| Bezprym | Piast | Duke 1031-1032 | son of Boleslas I |
| Otton | Piast | Duke 1032 | son of Boleslas I |
| Thiedric | Piast | Duke 1032 | Mieszko I's grandson |
| Mieszko II Lambert | Piast | King 1032-1034 | restored |
| Kazimierz I the Restorer (Casimir I) | Piast | Duke 1039-1058 | son of Mieszko II |
| Bolesław II the Bold (Boleslas II) | Piast | Duke 1058-1076 King 1076-1079 | son of Casimir I |
| Władysław I Herman (Ladislas I) | Piast | Duke 1079-1102 | son of Casimir I |
| Zbigniew | Piast | Duke 1102-1107 | son of Ladislas I; first jointly with Boleslas III |
| Bolesław III Wrymouth (Boleslas III) | Piast | Duke 1102-1138 | son of Ladislas I first jointly with Zbigniew introduced senioral principle |
| Władysław II the Exile (Ladislas II) | Piast | High Duke 1138-1146 | son of Boleslas III also Duke of Silesia exiled by his brothers |
| Bolesław IV the Curly (Boleslas IV) | Piast | High Duke 1146-1177 | son of Boleslas III also Duke of Masovia |
| Mieszko III the Old | Piast | High Duke 1173-1177 | son of Boleslas III also Duke of Greater Poland |
| Kazimierz II the Just (Casimir II) | Piast | High Duke 1177-1190 | son of Boleslas III; also Duke of Wiślica and Sandomierz |
| Mieszko III the Old | Piast | High Duke 1190 | restored |
| Kazimierz II the Just (Casimir II) | Piast | High Duke 1190-1194 | restored |
| Leszek I the White | Piast | High Duke 1194-1198 | also Duke of Sandomierz |
| Mieszko III the Old | Piast | High Duke 1198-1199 | restored |
| Leszek I the White | Piast | High Duke 1199-1202 | restored |
| Mieszko III the Old | Piast | High Duke 1202 | restored |
| Władysław III Spindleshanks (Ladislas III) | Piast | High Duke 1202-1206 | son of Mieszko III also Duke of Greater Poland |
| Leszek I the White | Piast | High Duke 1206-1210 | restored |
| Mieszko I Tanglefoot | Piast | High Duke 1210-1211 | son of Ladislas II; also Duke of Wrocław |
| Leszek I the White | Piast | High Duke 1211-1227 | restored; assassinated |
| Władysław III Spindleshanks (Ladislas III) | Piast | High Duke 1227-1229 | restored |
| Konrad I of Masovia | Piast | High Duke 1229-1232 | son of son of Casimir II also Duke of Masovia |
| Henryk I the Bearded (Henry I) | Piast | High Duke 1232-1238 | also Duke of Silesia |
| Henryk II the Pious (Henry II) | Piast | High Duke 1238-1241 | son of Henry I; also Duke of Wroclaw and Greater Poland; fell at Legnica |
| Konrad I of Masovia | Piast | High Duke 1241-1243 | also Duke of Masovia |
| Bolesław V the Chaste (Boleslas V) | Piast | High Duke 1243-1279 | son of Leszek the White |
| Leszek II the Black | Piast | High Duke 1279-1288 | |
| Henryk IV Probus (Henry IV) | Piast | High Duke 1288-1290 | also Duke of Lower Silesia |
| Przemysł II (Premyslas II) | Piast | High Duke 1290-1295 King 1295-1296 | also Duke of Poznań, Greater Poland and Pomerania |
| Václav II (Wenceslas II) | Přemyslid Dynasty | High Duke 1296-1300 King 1300-1305 | Duke of Lesser Poland since 1291 |
| Václav III (Wenceslas III) | Přemyslid Dynasty | King 1305-1306 | son of Wenceslaus III uncrowned; assassinated |
| Władysław I the Elbow-high (Ladislas I/IV) | Piast | High Duke 1306-1320 King 1320-1333 | |
| Kazimierz III the Great (Casimir III) | Piast | King 1333-1370 | son of Władysław I |
| Ludwik (Louis) | Anjou | King 1370-1382 | nephew of Casimir III |
| Jadwiga (Hedwig) | Anjou | King 1382-1399 | daughter of Louis I reigned jointly with her husband Ladislas II since 1386 |
[edit] Kings of Poland and Grand Dukes of Lithuania
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[edit] Jagiellon Dynasty | ||||
| Władysław II Jagiełło (Ladislas II) | Jagiellon | 1386-1434 | reigned jointly with his wife Jadwiga until 1399 | |
| Władysław III (Ladislas III) | Jagiellon | 1434-1444 | fell at Varna, therefore surnamed "of Varna" | |
| Kazimierz IV (Casimir III/IV) | Jagiellon | 1447-1492 | ||
| Jan I Olbracht (John I Albert) | Jagiellon | 1492-1501 | ||
| Aleksander (Alexander) | Jagiellon | 1501-1506 | ||
| Zygmunt I the Old (Sigismund I) | Jagiellon | 1506-1548 | ||
| Zygmunt II August (Sigismund II) | Jagiellon | 1548-1572 | ||
[edit] Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth | ||||
| Henryk Walezy (Henry III) | Valois | 1573-1574 | abandoned the Polish-Lithuanian throne on becoming King of France | |
| Maksymilian II (Maximilian I) | Habsburg | 1575 | election contested after four days | |
| Anna | Jagiellon | King 1575-1586 | reigned together with her husband Stephen Báthory | |
| Stefan I Batory (Stephen I Báthory) | Báthory | 1576-1586 | reigned together with his wife Anna | |
| Maksymilian III (Maximilian II) | Habsburg | 1587 | defeated by Zygmunt Vasa | |
| Zygmunt III (Sigismund III ) | Vasa | 1587-1632 | ||
| Władysław IV (Ladislas IV) | Vasa | 1632-1648 | ||
| Jan II Kazimierz (John II Casimir) | Vasa | 1648-1668 | ||
| Michał Korybut (Michael I) | Wiśniowiecki | 1669-1673 | ||
| Jan III (John III) | Sobieski | 1674-1696 | ||
| August II Mocny (Augustus II the Strong) | Wettin | 1697-1706 | abdicated | |
| Stanisław I (Stanislas I) | Leszczyński | 1706-1709 | yielded to Augustus II | |
| August II Mocny (Augustus II the Strong) | Wettin | 1709-1733 | restored | |
| Stanisław I (Stanislas I) | Leszczyński | 1733-1736 | restored, defeated
in War of the Polish Succession, abdicated | |
| August III Sas (Augustus III) | Wettin | 1734-1763 | ||
| Stanisław II August (Stanislas II August) | Poniatowski | 1764-1795 | abdicated | |
[edit] Entities created by the Partitions of Poland
| Ruler | English | Dynasty | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[edit] Kings of Galicia and Lodomeria | ||||
| Maria Teresa | Maria Theresa | Habsburg | 1772-1780 | the Austrian portion obtained in the first partition of Poland |
| Józef II | Joseph II | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1780-1790 | |
| Leopold II | Leopold II | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1790-1792 | |
| Franciszek II | Francis II | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1792-1835 | |
| Ferdynand I | Ferdinand I | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1835-1848 | |
| Franciszek Józef I | Francis Joseph I | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1848-1916 | |
| Karol I | Charles I | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1916-1918 | |
[edit] Dukes of Warsaw | ||||
| Fryderyk August | Frederick August I | Wettin | 1807-1815 | created in 1807 as a satellite of Napoleon, dissolved at the Congress of Vienna and divided into the Russian Kingdom of Poland and the Prussian Grand Duchy of Poznań |
[edit] Kings of "Congress" Poland | ||||
| Aleksander I | Alexander I | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1815-1825 | created at the Congress of Vienna and therefore dubbed "Congress Poland" |
| Mikołaj I | Nicholas I | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1825-1855 | deposed by Sejm during uprising of 1831, autonomy abolished in 1832 |
| Aleksander II | Alexander II | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1855-1881 | annexed into Russia after uprising in 1863 |
| Aleksander III | Alexander III | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1881-1894 | |
| Mikołaj II | Nicholas II | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1894-1916 | renounced[clarify] |
[edit] Grand Dukes of Poznań | ||||
| Fryderyk Wilhelm III | Frederick William III | Hohenzollern | 1815-1840 | created at the Congress of Vienna; represented by Duke-Governor Antoni Radziwiłł until 1831 |
| Fryderyk Wilhelm IV | Frederick William IV | Hohenzollern | 1840-1861 | autonomy abolished in 1849 |
| Wilhelm I | William I | Hohenzollern | 1861-1888 | |
| Fryderyk III | Frederick III | Hohenzollern | 1888 | |
| Wilhelm II | William II | Hohenzollern | 1888-1918 | abdicated 9 November 1918 |
[edit] See also
- Royal coronations in Poland
- Royal Coronations at Wawel Cathedral
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Masovia
- Dukes of Pomerania
- Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
- Dukes of Silesia
- List of Galician rulers
[edit] External links
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