List of Grand Dukes of Luxembourg

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The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign extant Grand Duchy, a status to which Luxembourg was promoted in 1815 upon its unification with the Netherlands under the House of Orange-Nassau.

The Luxembourgian constitution defines the Grand Duke's position:

“ The Grand Duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence. He exercises executive power in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the country.[1] ”

Contents

[edit] House of Orange-Nassau

Image Name Date of birth Date of death Monarch From Monarch Until
Image:Willem I.jpg
 William I 24 August 1772 12 December 1843 15 March 1815 7 October 1840
Image:WillemIINL3.jpg
 William II 6 December 1792 17 March 1849 7 October 1840 17 March 1849
Image:William III of the Netherlands.jpg
 William III 17 February 1817 23 November 1890 17 March 1849 23 November 1890

[edit] House of Nassau-Weilburg

Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Pact (Luxembourg and the Nassau) were bound to use Salic law, which forbade inheritance by the female line. When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the Family Pact, passed to Wilhelmina. However, the crown of Luxembourg could not pass to a woman, leaving the House of Orange-Nassau without a male heir. As a result, the throne went to Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the House of Nassau-Weilburg.

At the death of his uncle, Nikolaus-Wilhelm in 1905, Guillaume IV named his daughter as his heir and changing the laws of succession; the only other legitimate male in the House of Nassau-Weilburg was Guillaume's cousin, Georg Nikolaus, Count of Merenberg, the product of a morganatic marriage. So, in 1907, Guilliame declared the Counts of Merenberg non-dynastic, naming his own eldest daughter Marie-Adélaïde as heir to the throne. She became Luxembourg's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte. Charlotte's descendants have reigned until the present day.

Image Name Date of birth Date of death Monarch From Monarch Until
Adolphe 24 July 1817 17 November 1905 23 November 1890 17 November 1905
Image:Guillaume IV of Luxembourg.png
 William IV 22 April 1852 25 February 1912 17 November 1905 25 February 1912
Image:Marie-Adélaïde.gif
 Marie-Adélaïde 14 June 1894 24 January 1924 25 February 1912 14 January 1919
Image:Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.jpg
 Charlotte 23 January 1896 9 July 1985 14 January 1919 12 November 1964
Image:Jeanoflux.PNG
 Jean 5 January 1921 Living 12 November 1964 7 October 2000
Image:Henri of Luxembourg handshake.png
 Henri 16 April 1955 Living 7 October 2000 Incumbent

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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:15/03/1815 till:01/01/2007 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1820

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 id:orange  value:rgb(0.9999,0.7,0.5) legend:Orange-Nassau
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from: 15/03/1815 till: 07/10/1840 color:orange text:"William I" fontsize:10
from: 07/10/1840 till: 17/03/1849 color:orange text:"William II" fontsize:10
from: 17/03/1849 till: 23/11/1890 color:orange text:"William III" fontsize:10
from: 23/11/1890 till: 17/11/1905 color:nassau text:"Adolphe" fontsize:10
from: 17/11/1905 till: 25/02/1912 color:nassau text:"Guillaume IV" fontsize:10
from: 25/02/1912 till: 14/01/1919 color:nassau text:"Marie-Adélaïde" fontsize:10
from: 14/01/1919 till: 12/11/1964 color:nassau text:"Charlotte" fontsize:10
from: 12/11/1964 till: 07/10/2000 color:nassau text:"Jean" fontsize:10
from: 07/10/2000 till: 01/01/2007 color:nassau text:"Henri" fontsize:10

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[edit] See also

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ (French) Constitution de Luxembourg (PDF). Service central de législation. Retrieved on 2007-07-01.

[edit] References

fr:Liste des grands-ducs de Luxembourg hu:Luxemburg nagyhercegeinek listája pl:Wielcy książęta Luksemburga pt:Lista de grão-duques do Luxemburgo fi:Luettelo Luxemburgin suurherttuoista sv:Lista över Luxemburgs regenter

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