Licinius
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| Licinius | |
|---|---|
| Augustus in the East | |
| Image:Licinius1.jpg | |
| Coin featuring Licinius | |
| Reign | 11 November 308 - 311 (as Augustus in the west, with Galerius in the east); 311 - 313 (joint Augustus with Maximinus) 313 - 324 (Augustus in the east, with Constantine in the west - in 314 and 324 in competition with him); |
| Full name | Flavius Galerius Valerius Licinianus Licinius |
| Born | c. 250 |
| Moesia Superior | |
| Died | 325 |
| Thessalonica | |
| Predecessor | Severus |
| Successor | Constantine I |
| Wife/wives | Flavia Julia Constantia |
| Issue | Licinius |
- For other Romans of this name, see Licinius (gens).
Flavius Galerius Valerius Licinianus Licinius (c. 250 - 325) was Roman emperor from 308 to 324.
Of Dacian peasant origin, born in Moesia Superior, Licinius accompanied his close friend the Emperor Galerius on the Persian expedition in 297. After the death of Flavius Valerius Severus, Galerius elevated Licinius to the rank of Augustus in the West on November 11 308. He received as his immediate command the provinces of Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia.
On the death of Galerius, in May 311, Licinius shared the entire empire with Maximinus Daia, the Hellespont and the Bosporus being the dividing line.
In March 313 he married Flavia Julia Constantia, half-sister of Constantine, at Mediolanum (now Milan), the occasion for the jointly-issued "Edict of Milan" that restored confiscated properties to Christian congregations and allowed Christianity to be professed in the empire.
In the following month, on April 30, Licinius inflicted a decisive defeat on Maximinus at the Battle of Tzirallum, after Maximinus had tried attacking him. Then, Licinius established himself master of the East, while his brother-in-law, Constantine, was supreme in the West.
In 314, a civil war erupted between Licinius and Constantine, in which Constantine prevailed at the Battle of Cibalae in Pannonia (October 8, 314) and again two years later (after naming Valerius Valens co-emperor) in the plain of Mardia (also known as Campus Ardiensis) in Thrace. The emperors were reconciled after these two battles and Licinius had his co-emperor Valens killed.
Licinius' fleet of 350 ships was defeated by Constantine I's fleet in 323. In 324, Constantine, tempted by the "advanced age and unpopular vices" of his colleague, again declared war against him, and, having defeated his army of 170,000 men at the Battle of Adrianople (July 3, 324), succeeded in shutting him up within the walls of Byzantium. The defeat of the superior fleet of Licinius in the Battle of the Hellespont by Crispus, Constantine’s eldest son and Caesar, compelled his withdrawal to Bithynia, where a last stand was made; the Battle of Chrysopolis, near Chalcedon (September 18), resulted in Licinius' final submission. While Licinius' co-emperor Sextus Martinianus was killed, Licinius himself was spared due to the pleas of his wife, Constantine's sister, and interned at Thessalonica. The next year, Constantine had him killed, accusing him of conspiring to raise troops among the barbarians.
[edit] References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
[edit] External links
- Image:Commons-logo.svg Commons has media related to Licinius
- De Imperatoribus Romanis website: Licinius
- Socrates Scholasticus account of Licinius' end
| Preceded by Flavius Valerius Severus | Roman Emperor 308-324 with Galerius, Constantine I, Maximinus Daia, Valerius Valens and Martinianus | Succeeded by Constantine I |
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