Kermanshah

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Coordinates: 34°18′N, 47°4′E

Kermanshah
کرمانشاه
Image:Bistoon Kermanshah.jpg
Hellenistic-era depiction of Bahram as Hercules carved in 153 B.C.
Coordinates: 34°18′N 47°4′E / 34.3, 47.067
Country Image:Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Province Kermanshah
Elevation 1,350 m (4,429 ft)
Population (2005)
 - Total 822,921
  estimate
Time zone IRST (UTC+3:30)

Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, Kermānshāh, Gorani Kurdish: کرماشان or Kirmaşan), is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 kilometers (324 miles) from Tehran in the western part of Iran. The city is about 50 miles from the border of Iraq. It had an estimated population of 822,921 in 2005 [1] and its climate is mild. Kermanshah is the largest east Kurdistan city and its majority is Kurd but the majority of the inhabitants speak Persian as well as the Kalhori dialects of Kurdish. The majority of the population in this city are Shi'a Muslims. The city is named after Bahram IV, the Sassanid emperor of Persia who was called Kermanshah because he had been governor of Kerman before his accession to the throne. Another theory believes in a relation between the Kermanshah and Kurmanji, which is one of the main Kurdish dialects or languages. Mohammad Mokri however mean that Kermanshah has nothing to do with the word shah (king). The only form used by the natives is Kermashan/Kirmashan, a word derived from the Kurdish word Kermachan/Kirmachan meaning the city of peasants. But these two theories don't based on historical facts.most of historian believes that the name of Kermanshah comes from /Karmisin/(قرميسين in Arabic) and also the name of it's river Gamasiab(Ku:/Gamasi'av/) comes from this name. also the name of Kambaden or Kambadena is composite of Kam+bade+na or Nahid that related to the city lake: Tagh-e-bostan the name of Nahid related to Mitraism and also the lake and others that corresponded. in the Tagh-e-bostan's epigraph the Nahid or Mitra has lithographed (lithography with round light around her head and mounted on a boat and watching hunter(King) and preserve. This two names come in Avesta especially in introducing the holy Mt.Bistoon


Contents

[edit] History

Image:Tagh1.jpg
Monuments of Taq-Bostan , carved 4-6th A.D

Given its antiquity, attractive landscapes and rich culture, Kermanshah is considered one of the cradles of prehistoric cultures such as Neolithic villages.

According to archaeological surveys and excavation, the Kermanshah area has been occupied by prehistoric people since the Lower Paleolithic Period, and continued to later Paleolithic periods till late Pleistocene period.The Lower Paleolithic evidence consists of some handaxes found in the Gakia area to the east of the city. The Middle Paleolithic remains have been found in the northern vicinity of the city in Tang-e Kenesht and near Taq-e Bostan. The known Paleolithic caves in this area are Warwasi, Kobeh, and Do-Ashkaft.

The region was also one of the first places in which human settlements including Asiab, Qazanchi, Tappeh Sarab, Chia Jani. and Ganj-Darreh were established between 8000-10.000 years ago. This is about the same time that the first potteries pertaining to Iran were made in Ganj-Darreh, near present-day Harsin. Kermanshah has some of the most interesting and famous archaeological sites. Its construction is attributed to Tahmoures Divband, the fabulous king of Pishdadian dynasty, but some others attribute it to the Sassanids. It was a glorious city in Sassanid period about the 4th century AD when it became a political city and a significant health center serving as a summer resort for Sassanid kings.

In A.D. 226, following a two-year war led by the Persian Emperor - Ardashir I - against Kurdish tribes in the region, the Empire reinstated a local Kurdish prince, Kayus of Medya, to rule Kermanshah. Within the dynasty known as the House of Kayus (also Kâvusakân) remained a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom lasting until A.D. 380 before Ardashir II removed the dynasty's last ruling member.[2]

Kermanshah was conquered by the Arabs in A.D. 640 and called the town Qirmasin (Qirmashin). Under Seljuk rule in the 11th century, it was, and still is, a major cultural and commercial centre in Western Iran and the southern Kurdish region as a whole. The Safavids fortified the town, and the Qajars repulsed an attack by the Turks during Fath Ali Shah's rule (1797–1834).

Occupied by the Turkish Army in 1915 during World War I, it was evacuated in 1917. Kermanshah played an important role in Mashrota Movement in Qajar period and Republic Movement in Pahlavi period.

After The Islamic Revolution in the 1970s, the city and its province (also called Kermanshah) were shortly renamed Bakhtaran, apparently owing to the use of "Shah" in the name. After the Iran-Iraq War, however, they renamed it to Kermanshah. The City was hit hard during the Iran-Iraq War, and although it was rebuilt, it has not fully recovered yet.

[edit] Industry

Kermanshah is now a fairly important industrial center; industries include petrochemical refinery, textile manufacturing, food processing, oil refining, carpet making, sugar refining, and the production of electrical equipment and tools.

[edit] Higher education

[edit] Sport

Kermanshah is home to football club Shirin Faraz Kermanshah F.C. who were recently promoted to Iran's Premier Football League.

[edit] Notable people

[edit] Arts

[edit] History and Politics

[edit] Literature

[edit] Science

  • Al-Dinawari, botanist, historian, geographer, astronomer and mathematician

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

cy:Kermanshah de:Kermānschāh (Stadt) es:Kermanshah eo:Kermanŝaho fa:کرمانشاه fr:Kermanshah he:כרמאנשאה it:Kermanshah nl:Kermanshah pt:Kermanshah ru:Керманшах tg:Кирмоншоҳ

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