Keralolpathi
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The Keralolpathy or the Kerala Ulpathy (literally creation of Kerala) is a Malayalam work and deals with the origin of the land of Kerala including the ancestry of the Namboodiri Brahmins and other castes of Kerala. Shungunny Menon ascribes the authorship of this work to Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan, a 17th century scholar of Malabar, [1]. The Keralolpathi is mostly a compilation from an earlier Sanskrit work known as the Kerala Mahatmayam, which is classed among the Hindu Puranas as an Upa Purana or sub Purana of the Bhoogola Purana. While the Mahatmayam deals with the origin of Kerala and its people alone, the Keralolpathi gives a history of Kerala down to the modern age [2]. It contains reference to the British in Kerala as well. However historians doubt the reliability of this collection of legends as it contains many discrepancies. For instance it states that a certain Viceroy of Kerala went to Mecca and met the Islamic prophet Mohammed there. However the corresponding date mentioned is such that the prophet was not even born till more than a century later [3]. It also mentions that the King Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara empire appointed a Viceroy over Kerala in 428 AD. However the said king reigned between 1509 and 1529 AD [4]. Besides, the mention of the English, Dutch and Portugese factors also prove that the work is certainly not dated before the 17th century AD.
Likewise even the origins of most of the castes and clans of Kerala varies from the ancient Sanskrit Kerala Mahatmayam. Besides, by the 18th century modified versions of the work started appearing, varying from kingdom to kingdom and region to region in Kerala and hence according to Shungunny Menon, one cannot place the value of a historical source in the Keralolpathi. With reference to the reliability of this treatise on Kerala, Shungunny Menon, a native historian of Travancore, Kerala stated that:
| “ | ...numerous discrepancies and glaring mistakes are visible for we find the authors in their anxiety to prove the correctness of their accounts confusing occurences of the modern age with those of the ancient...it is obvious that on a work such as the Kerala Ulpathy little reliance can be placed... [5]. | ” |
William Logan, who was the author of the Malabar Manual also refutes the validity of the Keralolpathi and describes it as:
| “ | ...a farrago of legendary nonsense having for its definite aim the securing of the Brahmin caste of unbounded power and influence in the country...[6] | ” |
K.P. Padmanabha Menon, another native historian calls the Keralolpathi:
| “ | ...an ill digested and uncollated collection of different versions huddled together in inextricable confusion...[7] | ” |
[edit] References
- ^ History of Travancore by Shungunny Menon, page 28
- ^ History of Travancore by Shungunny Menon, page 37
- ^ History of Travancore by Shungunny Menon, page 63
- ^ Travancore State Manual by V.Nagam Aiya, Volume I, page 223
- ^ History of Travancore by Shungunny Menon, page 29
- ^ A survey of Kerala history by A. Sreedhara Menon, page 17
- ^ A survey of Kerala history by A. Sreedhara Menon, page 17
