John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
Lord Rayleigh
Image:John William Strutt.jpg
John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
Born12 November 1842(1842-11-12)
Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex, UK
Died30 June 1919 (aged 76)
Terling Place, Witham, Essex, UK
ResidenceUnited Kingdom
NationalityUnited Kingdom
FieldPhysicist
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge
Alma materUniversity of Cambridge
Academic advisor  Edward John Routh
Notable students  J. J. Thomson Image:Nobel Prize.png
George Paget Thomson Image:Nobel Prize.png
Jagdish Chandra Bose
Known forDiscovery of argon
Rayleigh waves
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh criterion
Duplex Theory
Notable prizesImage:Nobel Prize.png Nobel Prize for Physics (1904)

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was an English physicist who (with William Ramsay) discovered the element argon, an achievement that earned him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He also discovered the phenomenon now called Rayleigh scattering and predicted the existence of the surface waves now known as Rayleigh waves.

Contents

[edit] Biography

Strutt was born in Langford Grove, Essex and in his early years suffered frailty and poor health.

He went to Harrow School and began studying mathematics at Trinity College, University of Cambridge, in 1861. In 1865, he obtained his BA (Senior Wrangler and 1st Smith's prize) and MA in 1868. He was subsequently elected to a Fellowship of Trinity. He held the post until his marriage to Evelyn Balfour, daughter of James Maitland Balfour in 1871. He had three sons with her.

In 1873 his father, John Strutt, 2nd Baron Rayleigh died, and he inherited the Barony of Rayleigh.

He was the second Cavendish Professor of Physics at the University of Cambridge, following James Clerk Maxwell in this position from 1879 to 1884. He first described dynamic soaring by seabirds in 1883 in the British journal Nature.

Approximately 1900 Lord Rayleigh developed the Duplex (combination of two) Theory (Human sound localization using two binaural cues). Interaural time delay (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD) (assuming a spherical head with no external pinnae). Humans perceive sound objects spatially, using the difference in the phase (time delay) of the sound and the difference in amplitude (level) between the two ears, in a similar way that stereoscopic sight provides depth perception. Also called two primary cues for azimuth (horizontal location) but possibly its two primary cues for a 3 dimensional bearing. For example when you hear a seagull call out you can determine roughly x y and z location of the sound. Although Pinnae reflections are considered a main cue for vertical localisation.

Image:Autograph of Rayleigh.png

Lord Rayleigh was elected to Fellow of the Royal Society on June 12, 1873 and was elected president of the Royal Society between 1905 and 1908.

Lord Rayleigh died on June 30, 1919 in Witham, Essex.

[edit] Legacy

Craters on Mars and the Moon are named in his honor as well as a type of surface wave known as a Rayleigh wave. The asteroid 22740 Rayleigh was named in his honour on 1 June 2007.†

[edit] Prizes

[edit] See also

[edit] Works by Lord Rayleigh


[edit] References and further reading

Honorary titles
Preceded by
The Lord Carlingford 		Lord Lieutenant of Essex
1892–1901 		Succeeded by
The Earl of Warwick
Preceded by
William Huggins 		President of the Royal Society
1905–1908 		Succeeded by
Sir Archibald Geikie
Academic offices
Preceded by
The Duke of Devonshire 		Chancellor of the University of Cambridge
1908–1919 		Succeeded by
The Earl of Balfour
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
John Strutt 		Baron Rayleigh
1873–1919 		Succeeded by
Robert Strutt
v • d • e
Nobel Laureates in Physics

Wilhelm Röntgen (1901) • Hendrik Lorentz / Pieter Zeeman (1902) • Henri Becquerel / Pierre Curie / Marie Curie (1903) • Lord Rayleigh (1904) • Philipp Lenard (1905) • J. J. Thomson (1906) • Albert Michelson (1907) • Gabriel Lippmann (1908) • Guglielmo Marconi / Ferdinand Braun (1909) • Johannes van der Waals (1910) • Wilhelm Wien (1911) • Gustaf Dalén (1912) • Kamerlingh Onnes (1913) • Max von Laue (1914) • W. L. Bragg / W. H. Bragg (1915) • Charles Barkla (1917) • Max Planck (1918) • Johannes Stark (1919) • Charles Guillaume (1920) • Albert Einstein (1921) • Niels Bohr (1922) • Robert Millikan (1923) • Manne Siegbahn (1924) • James Franck / Gustav Hertz (1925)


Persondata
NAME Rayleigh, Lord
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Physicist
DATE OF BIRTH 12 November 1842(1842-11-12)
PLACE OF BIRTH Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex, UK
DATE OF DEATH 30 June 1919
PLACE OF DEATH Terling Place, Witham, Essex, UK
ar:جون وليم ريليه

bn:জন উইলিয়াম স্ট্রাট, ৩য় ব্যারন রেলি bs:John William Strutt Rayleigh bg:Джон Уилям Стрът ca:John Strutt cs:Lord Rayleigh de:John William Strutt, 3. Baron Rayleigh et:John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) es:John Strutt, tercer barón Rayleigh fr:John William Strutt Rayleigh gl:John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh ko:존 윌리엄 스트럿 레일리 hr:John William Strutt Rayleigh io:John William Strutt Rayleigh id:John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh it:John William Strutt Rayleigh he:ג'ון ויליאם סטראט ריילי sw:Lord Rayleigh lt:John Strutt hu:Lord Rayleigh nl:John Rayleigh ja:ジョン・ウィリアム・ストラット no:John William Strutt oc:John William Strutt Rayleigh pl:John Strutt, 3. baron Rayleigh pt:John William Strutt ro:John William Strutt Rayleigh ru:Стретт, Джон Уильям sl:John William Strutt Rayleigh fi:Lordi Rayleigh sv:John Strutt, 3:e baron Rayleigh tr:Lord Rayleigh zh:瑞利

Retrieved from "http://india.smashits.com/wikipedia/John_Strutt%2C_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh"
Views
Personal tools

Toolbox