John McCarthy (computer scientist)

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John McCarthy
Image:John McCarthy Stanford.jpg John McCarthy at a summit in 2006
Born	September 4 1927 (1927-09-04) (age 82) Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Residence	USA
Nationality	American
Field	Computer Technology
Institutions	Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Stanford University
Alma mater	California Institute of Technology
Known for	Artificial Intelligence; Circumscription; Situation calculus; Lisp
Notable prizes	Turing Award, 1971; Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science, 2003

John McCarthy (born September 4, 1927, in Boston, Massachusetts), is an American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1971 for his major contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). He was responsible for the coining of the term "Artificial Intelligence" in his 1955 proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Conference and is the inventor of the Lisp programming language.

McCarthy championed mathematical logic for Artificial Intelligence. In 1958, he proposed the advice taker, which inspired later work on question-answering and logic programming. Based on the Lambda Calculus, Lisp rapidly became the programming language of choice for AI applications after its publication in 1960 ^[1]. He helped to motivate the creation of Project MAC at MIT, but left MIT for Stanford University in 1962, where he helped set up the Stanford AI Laboratory, for many years a friendly rival to Project MAC.

In 1961, he was the first to publicly suggest (in a speech given to celebrate MIT's centennial) that computer time-sharing technology might lead to a future in which computing power and even specific applications could be sold through the utility business model (like water or electricity). This idea of a computer or information utility was very popular in the late 1960s, but faded by the mid-1970s as it became clear that the hardware, software and telecommunications technologies of the time were simply not ready. However, since 2000, the idea has resurfaced in new forms. See application service provider.

McCarthy received his B.S. in Mathematics from the California Institute of Technology in 1948 and his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Princeton University in 1951 under Solomon Lefschetz. After short-term appointments at Princeton, Stanford, Dartmouth, and MIT, he became a full professor at Stanford in 1962, where he remained until his retirement at the end of 2000. He is now a Professor Emeritus.

John McCarthy often comments on world affairs on the Usenet forums. Some of his ideas can be found in his sustainability web page, which is "aimed at showing that human material progress is desirable and sustainable".

Preceded by Lucy Suchman

Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science 2003

Succeeded by Richard M. Karp

Contents 1 References 2 See also 3 Notes 4 External links

[edit] References

• Scientific Temperaments: Three Lives in Contemporary Science by Philip J. Hilts, Simon and Schuster, 1982. Lengthy profiles of John McCarthy, physicist Robert R. Wilson and geneticist Mark Ptashne.
• Machines Who Think: a personal inquiry into the history and prospects of artificial intelligence by Pamela McCorduck, 1979, second edition 2004.
• The Omni Interviews edited by Pamela Weintraub, New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1984. Collected interviews originally published in Omni magazine; contains an interview with McCarthy.

[edit] See also

• Frame problem
• McCarthy 91 function

[edit] Notes

[edit] External links

• McCarthy's Stanford home page.
• McCarthy at The Mathematics Genealogy Project

v • d • e A. M. Turing Award Laureates

Perlis (1966) • Wilkes (1967) • Hamming (1968) • Minsky (1969) • Wilkinson (1970) • McCarthy (1971) • Dijkstra (1972) • Bachman (1973) • Knuth (1974) • Newell / Simon (1975) • Rabin / Scott (1976) • Backus (1977) • Floyd (1978) • Iverson (1979) • Hoare (1980) • Codd (1981) • Cook (1982) • Thompson / Ritchie (1983) • Wirth (1984) • Karp (1985) • Hopcroft / Tarjan (1986) • Cocke (1987) • Sutherland (1988) • Kahan (1989) • Corbató (1990) • Milner (1991) • Lampson (1992) • Hartmanis / Stearns (1993) • Feigenbaum / Reddy (1994) • Blum (1995) • Pnueli (1996) • Engelbart (1997) • Gray (1998) • Brooks (1999) • Yao (2000) • Dahl / Nygaard (2001) • Rivest / Shamir / Adleman (2002) • Kay (2003) • Cerf / Kahn (2004) • Naur (2005) • Allen (2006)

Persondata
NAME	McCarthy, John
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	American computer scientist
DATE OF BIRTH	1927-9-4
PLACE OF BIRTH	Boston, Massachusetts, USA
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

da:John McCarthy

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