Interior Plateau
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[edit] Subdivisions
It has several subdivisions, these being:
- The Fraser Plateau
- The Chilcotin Plateau
- The Cariboo Plateau
- The Bonaparte Plateau (part of the Thompson Plateau in some definitions, and also known as the Kamloops Plateau)
- The Nechako Plateau
- The Thompson Plateau
The Cariboo and Chilcotin Plateaus are separate by the Fraser River. The Nechako Plateau flanks the Fraser on both sides; its southern boundary is defined by the West Road River (aka the Blackwater River) and the Quesnel River, and its northern boundary are the Omineca Mountains and the Cassiar Mountains.
[edit] Mountain Ranges
Several mountain ranges and hill-systems are included in the definition of this region. Among these are:
- The Clear Range (includes the Scarped Range)
- The Marble Range
- The Rainbow Range (sometimes assigned to either the Pacific Ranges or Kitimat Ranges subranges of the Coast Mountains)
- The Arrowstone Hills (SW edge of the Bonaparte Plateau)
- The Quanchus Range (western edge of the Nechako Plateau)
- The Telegraph Range (Nechako Plateau)
- The Fawnie Range (Nechako Plateau)
- The Pattullo Range (sometimes classified as part of the Hazelton Mountains)
Some classifications systems assign the Pattullo Range to the Hazelton Mountains, which are part of the larger Skeena Mountains complex, but then theoretically also is the Quanchus Range. Also, the Cariboo Mountains are sometimes included as part of the Interior Plateau.
[edit] History of the Interior Plateau
The location of the Interior Plateau in North America is between the Great Basin and the Pacific Ocean. It is cut by two rivers: the Columbia and the Fraser. The northern region is largely wooded, with the southern being sagebrush grasslands.
The first human presence was in 8500 BC. Bison remains, Clovis and other fluted points date back to this time frame. A few important sites in the area are the Charlie Lake Cave (near Fort St. John, British Columbia) and the Wenatchee site (located in Washington).
The Windust phase is dated between 10600 BC and 7100 BC. At the Lind Coulee site in east-central Washington, leaf-shaped projectile points and knives date between 8500-5500 BC. Based on archaeological evidence, it is suggested that these people were hunters, subsisting also from fishing and plant gathering. The presence of sea shells gives an indication that trading took place. A small oval shaped dwelling was also found at the Paulina Lake site in Oregon, dating to 7100 BC.
The Cascade phase took place from 7100-4300 BC, and was marked by a slight change in toolkit technology from the Windust peoples. A residential structure was found for this group, dating between 5500-4300 BC. Other pithouses followed between 4000-2000 BC. Most residential structures are located on rivers. During the historic era, plants and salmon were the staple foods, which give us an indication that Cascade groups harvested salmon runs in the summer and fall.
The Late Period, dated to about 2500 BC, the pithouse (quiggly hole) came into existence. Other markers of this period include the increasing number of pithouses and settlements. Fishing continued to increase, and technology advanced, introducing more specialized barb fish spears and composite toggling harpoons. Other technology was used as well, including nets and weirs. Trade networks also flourished during this time, using sea shells, turquoise, fish grease and others.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] Further reading
- Fagan, Brian M. Ancient North America. London: Thames and Hudson, Ltd., 2005
General sub-fields of Physical Geography | |
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