Ilyushin Il-76

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Ilyushin Il-76 (NATO reporting name: Candid) is a 4-engined strategic airlifter designed in the Soviet Union and in widespread use in Europe, Asia and Africa. Originally built for the military, the plane has subsequently seen extensive service as a commercial freighter, especially for the delivery of outsized or very heavy cargo. The Il-76 has reportedly carried some 90% of the world's ramp-delivered airfreight and about 90% of Europe's disaster relief supplies^{[citation needed]} while a water-carrying version of the plane has proven effective in fire-fighting operations in many countries.

[edit] Design and development

The aircraft was first conceived by Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 km (2,700 nautical miles; 3,100 statute miles) in less than six hours, able to operate from short and unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic regions. The Il-76's original design was influenced (at least in part) by the development of the US Lockheed C-141 Starlifter. Differences in design included an observation/navigation nose, heavy duty landing gear, more powerful engines, slightly larger cargo hold and a defensive tail gun (military versions). It first flew on March 25, 1971, and is still in production in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

[edit] Operational history

Between 1979 and 1991, the Soviet Air Force Il-76s made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200 servicemen, and 315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried 89% of Soviet troops and 74% of the freight that was airlifted.^[1] Building on that experience, the bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment into Afghanistan is flown in using civilian Il-76^[2].

On August 29, 2005, the day before the levees of New Orleans gave way to the forces of Hurricane Katrina, the Russian Federation offered humanitarian aid to the United States. Two EMERCOM Il-76 aircraft landed at a disaster aid staging area at Little Rock, Arkansas September 8. This marks the first time Russia has flown such a mission to North America. A second Emergency Situations ministry Il-76 first-aid shipment, specially arranged with the U.S. leadership, departed Russia for Little Rock September 14.

India also used an Il-76 to deliver aid on September 13, 2005 for Katrina victims.

The Il-76 is also in use as an airborne tanker, otherwise known as a refueller (Il-78), and a waterbomber. Its airframe was used as a base for the Beriev A-50 'Mainstay' AWACS aircraft.

[edit] Variants

[edit] Military variants

• Il-76D - ('D' for Desantniy, Десантный - "for paratroopers") has a gun turret in the tail for defense purposes.
• Il-76M - Transport version.
• Il-76MD - Transport version.
• Il-76MD-90 - An Il-76MD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines.
• Il-76MF - Stretched military version with 6m longer fuselage and Lift capability of 60 Tonnes. .
• Il-76PP - Il-76MD-based radio jammer
• Il-78MKI - Tanker version for the Indian Air Force. Has mid-air refueling pods.
• Il-76 Phalcon - For the Indian Air Force. Hosts Phalcon radar for AWACS.
• SKIP - (СКИП - Самолетный Контрольно-Измерительный Пункт, Airborne Check-Measure-and-Control Point) - Il-76/A-50 based aircraft initially built to support Kh-55 cruise missile tests.

[edit] Civil variants

• Il-76T - ('T' for Transport, Транспортный) unarmed civil cargo transport version. NATO code-name Candid-A. It first flew on November 4, 1978.
• Il-76TD - The civil equivalent of the Il-76MD, first flew in 1982.
• Il-76TD-90VD - An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a partial glass cockpit.
• Il-76TF - Civil transport stretched version with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines. It is the civil version of the Il-76MF.
• Il-76P - Firefighting aircraft. The Il-76 waterbomber is a VAP-2 1.5 hour install/removal tanking kit conversion. The Il-76 can carry up to 13,000 U.S. gallons (49,000 liters) of water; 3.5 times the capacity of the C-130 Hercules. Since this kit can be installed on any Il-76, the designation Il-76TP, Il-76TDP are also used when those versions of the Il-76 are converted into waterbombers. The Il-76P was first unveiled in 1990.

[edit] Foreign Variants

[edit] KJ-2000

Main article: KJ-2000

Domestic Chinese AWACS conversion of Il-76 after the setback of the A-50I.

The current KJ-2000 AWACS in Chinese service is equipped with a domestic Active Electronically Scanned Array active phased array radar system similar to the Swedish Ericsson's Erieye radar. The radar is designed by the Research Institute of Electronic Technology (also more commonly known as the 14th Institute) at Nanjing, and it utilizes the experience gained from the 14th Institute's earlier indigenously developed Type H/LJG-346 SAPARS (Shipborne Active Phased Array Radar System) that was completed in 1998 (the same Type H/LJG-346 SAPARS was also the predecessor of the active phased array radar system onboard PLAN Lanzhou class destroyer). Chinese claim that the domestic radar is superior to the Israeli radar and it can track more targets at greater range. The radar is arranged in the same way as that of A-50I.

[edit] CFTE Engine Testbed

China Flight Test Establishment (CFTE) currently operates a flying testbed converted from a Russian-made Il-76MD jet transport aircraft to serve as a flying testbed for future engine development programmes. The first engine to be tested on the aircraft is the WS-10A “Taihang” turbofan, currently being developed as the powerplant for China’s indigenous J-10 and J-11 fighter aircraft. The #76456 Il-76MD, acquired by the AVIC 1 from Russia in the 1990s, is currently based at CFTE’s flight test facility at Yanliang, Shaanxi Province.

[edit] Adnan I

Iraqi development (with French assistance) with fibreglass-reinforced plastic radome over the antenna of the Thomson-CSF Tiger G surveillance radar with a maximum detection range of 189 nm (217.5 miles; 350 km). None operational after the Gulf War.

[edit] Operators

Military and Civil operators in 38 countries have operated 850+ Il-76 in large numbers. While Russia is the largest military operator of the Il-76, followed by Ukraine and India, Belarus' TransAVIAexport Airlines is the largest civilian operator. In the list below, known current operators are listed in bold.

• Image:Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations
  • The United Nations Humanitarian Air Service operated one Il-76 until February 2006.
• Image:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria
  • The Algerian Air Force operates 17 Il-76 aircraft, including 3 Il-76MD, 8 Il-76TD, and 6 Il-78.
• Image:Flag of Angola.svg Angola
  • Gira Globo operates 1 Il-76.^[3]
• Image:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia
  • The Armenian Air Force operates 2 Il-76 aircraft.
  • Dvin Airlines has operated an Il-76TD.
  • Yerevan-Avia operates 1 Il-76.
• Image:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan
  • The Azerbaijan Air Force operates 3 Il-76 aircraft.
  • Azal Avia Cargo operates 1 Il-76TD.
  • Azerbaijan Airlines operates 1 Il-76M.
  • Silk Way Airlines operates 9, including 1 Il-76MD and 7 Il-76TD and 1 Il-76TD-90.
• Image:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus
  • The Belarusian Air Force inherited a number of Il-76 aircraft from the Soviet Air Force.
  • Belair operated the Il-76 before its closure in 1999.
  • TransAVIAexport Airlines operates 23, including 5 Il-76MD and 18 Il-76TD.
  • Gomelavia operates 5 Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso
  • Faso Airways operates a single Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic
  • Centrafrican Airlines
• Image:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia
  • Imtrec Aviation has operated a Laotian registered Il-76.
• Image:Flag of Canada.svg Canada
  • SkyLink Aviation - charters Ilyushin Il-76MD, Ilyushin Il-76TD
• Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
  • The People's Liberation Army Air Force operates 17 Il-76 aircraft, including 3 KJ-2000 AWACS versions and some Il-78 tankers, with a further 30 due for delivery.
  • China United Airlines has operated the Il-76, but does not currently.
• Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo-Brazzaville
  • The Republic of the Congo operates an Il-76.
• Image:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba
  • Cubana de Aviación operates 1 Il-76MD.
• Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Air Congo has operated the Il-76.^[4]
• Image:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea
  • Ecuatorial Cargo operates 1 Il-76TD.^[5]
  • Express International Cargo
• Image:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary
  • Atlant Hungary has operated the Il-76.^[6]
  • Hungarian Ukrainian Air Cargo has operated the Il-76^[7]
• Image:Flag of India.svg India
  • The Indian Air Force operates 24 Il-76MD, 6 Il-78MKI aircraft and 3 others with Israeli Phalcon radars for AWACS.
• Image:Flag of Iran.svg Iran
  • The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force operates the Il-76.
  • The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Air Force operates the Il-76, including some modified to carry AWACS radar.
  • Atlas Air has operated at least 8 Il-76TD.^[8]
  • Chabahar Air has operated at least 2 Il-76TD.^[9]
  • Mahan Air has operated the Il-76.
  • Payam Air operates 2 Il-76TD.
  • Qeshm Air operates 2 Il-76TD.
  • Safiran Airlines is a former operator.
• Image:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq
  • The Iraqi Air Force operated the Il-76, but none remain in service.
  • Iraqi Airways operates a single Il-76.
• Image:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan
  • The Royal Jordanian Air Force operates 2 Il-76 aircraft.
• Image:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan
  • The Government of Kazakhstan operates 1 Il-76.
  • Air Almaty operates an Il-76TD for leased operations.^[10]
  • Air Kazakhstan operated Il-76 aircraft until its closure in 2004.
  • GST Aero operates 1 Il-76T.^[11]
  • Kazakhstan Airlines operated the Il-76TD before its closure in 1997.
  • Sayakhat Airlines operated the Il-76 previously.
• Image:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan
  • Botir Avia operates 3, including 1 Il-76MD and 2 Il-76TD.
  • Kyrgyzstan Airlines operates 1 Il-76TD.
  • Reem Air
• Image:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia
  • Inversija operates 3, including 2 Il-76T and 1 Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of Libya.svg Libya
  • The Libyan Air Force has operated the Il-76 although it may not remain in service.
  • Buraq Air operates 6, including 3 Il-76MD and 3 Il-76TD.
  • Jamahiria Air Transport operates the Il-76M, Il-76TD, and Il-78.^[12]
  • Libyan Air Cargo, the cargo division of Libyan Arab Airlines, operates 21, including 1 Il-76M and 15 Il-76TD.
  • Tobruk Air
• Image:Flag of Mali.svg Mali
  • Transafrica Airlines
• Image:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova
  • Aerocom operated an Il-76MD as well as an Il-76T until as late as January 2005.
  • Airline Transport operated a number of Il-76 aircraft, losing 3 in accidents in 2004 and 2005.
  • Jet Line International operates the Il-76^[13]
  • Tiramavia
• Image:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea
  • North Korean Air Force
  • Air Koryo
  • Civil Aviation Administration of Korea
• Image:Flag of Russia.svg Russia
  • The Russian Air Force inherited large numbers of the aircraft from the Soviet Air Force in 1991, and 210 currently remain in service.
  • The Ministry of Emergency Situations operates an Il-76TD.
  • Abakan Avia operates 3 Il-76TD.
  • Aeroflot operated large numbers of aircraft, especially during Soviet years, often on behalf of the Soviet military. However, none remain in service with the airline.
  • Air STAN operated an Il-76TD.^[14]
  • Airlines 400 operates 2 Il-76TD.
  • Airstars Airways operates 4 Il-76TD on cargo services.
  • ALAK operated Il-76 aircraft before its closure in 1999.
  • Alrosa-Avia operates 4 Il-76TD on charter services.
  • Aram Air
  • Atlant-Soyuz Airlines operates 6, including 2 Il-76MD and 4 Il-76TD.
  • ATRAN Cargo Airlines operates 5, including 3 Il-76T and 2 Il-76TD. At least one Il-76M may have been operated in the past.
  • Atruvera Aviation operates 3, including 1 Il-76MD and 2 Il-76TD.
  • Aviacon Zitotrans operates 5, including 4 Il-76TD.
  • Aviaenergo operated the aircraft, but none remain in service.
  • Aviast operates 4, including 1 Il-76MD and 3 Il-76TD.
  • Continental Airways has operated the Il-76 in the past, but does not do so currently.
  • Dacono Air has operated the Il-76.
  • Dobrolet Airlines operates 3 Il-76TD.
  • Domededovo Airlines has operated the Il-76, but none are currently in service.
  • East Line operates the Il-76.
  • Ilavia Airline operates 6, including 2 Il-76MD and 4 Il-76TD.
  • KrasAir operated the Il-76, but none are currently in service.
  • Krylo Airlines operated 2 Il-76TD into 2005.
  • Magadan Avia Leasing is a lease and charter operator of the Il-76.
  • Moscow Airways operated an Il-76TD in the early 1990s.^[15]
  • Novosibirsk Air Enterprise operated the Il-76, but none are currently in service.
  • Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise operated the Il-76, but none are currently in service.
  • Samara Airlines operates 2 Il-76TD.
  • Tesis Aviation Enterprise operates 9 Il-76TD.
  • Tyumen Airlines
  • Uralinteravia
  • Volga-Dnepr operates 7 Il-76TD and 1 Il-76TD-90VD.
• Image:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia
  • Air Tomisko operates a single Il-76TD.
  • Kosmas Air operates a single Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone
  • Aerolift Sierra Leone operates Il-76 aircraft for special charter and cargo lift operations.^[16]
• Image:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
  • The Soviet Air Force operated hundreds of the aircraft, with an inventory of 310 in 1987. Most were dispersed to the successor states upon the breakup of the Soviet Union.
  • Aeroflot was the main civil user of the aircraft during the period of the Soviet Union, although many of its aircraft were operated on behalf of the military.
  • Jet Air Cargo was one of the first civil operators of the Il-76 in Russia other than Aeroflot.^[17]
• Image:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan
  • Air West operated a small number of aircraft, although it is unclear how many remain in service.
  • Azza Transport operates 2 Il-76TD.
  • East West Cargo operated a number of Il-76 aircraft.
  • Juba Cargo operates the Il-76^[18]
  • Badr Airlines operates 1 Il-76,}[1]
  • Trans Attico
• Image:Flag of Syria.svg Syria
  • The Syrian Air Force operates the Il-76.
  • Syrian Arab Airlines operates 4, including 3 Il-76M.
• Image:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan
  • Turkmenistan Airlines operates 8 Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine
  • The Ukrainian Air Force inherited a large number of Il-76 aircraft from the Soviet Air Force, with as many as 100 remaining in service.
  • Air Service Ukraine operated the Il-76MD.
  • Air Ukraine and Air Ukraine Cargo operated the aircraft, although none were in service at the time of bankruptcy.
  • ATI Aircompany operates a number of Il-76 models.
  • Azov Avia Airlines operates 2 Il-76MD.
  • BSL Airline operated as many as 6 Il-78.^[19]
  • Busol Airlines operated the Il-76 before its closure in 1998.
  • Khors Aircompany operates 2 Il-76MD.
  • Lviv Airlines operates 3 Il-76MD.
  • South Airlines is a former operator.
  • Ukraine Air Alliance operates 4, including 1 Il-76MD and 3 Il-76TD.
  • Ukrainian Cargo Airways operates 21, including 19 Il-76MD.
  • Veteran Airlines
  • Volare Airlines operates 3, including 2 Il-76MD and 1 Il-76TD.
  • Yuzhmashavia operates 2 Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates
  • Gulf Aviation Technology and Services operates a number of Il-76 aircraft on charter or lease.
  • Phoenix Aviation operates 2 Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan
  • Avialeasing operates the Il-76 on a charter and lease basis.
  • Uzbekistan Airways operates 14 Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen
  • The Yemen Air Force operates 3 Il-76 aircraft.
  • Yemenia operates 2 Il-76TD.
• Image:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe
  • Avient Aviation operates 1 Il-76.

[edit] Incidents and accidents

• On August 19 1996, Il-76T Spair Airlines Flight PAR-3601, crashed and exploded while trying to land at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport killing all 12 crew members
• On November 12 1996, Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907, an Il-76, had a mid-air collision over India with a Boeing 747, resulting in the loss of all 349 lives aboard both aircraft.
• On November 11 2005, A Royal Airlines Cargo Il-76MD, s/n 0053464926, crashed into a hill 30 km NW of Kabul, Afghanistan.
• On March 9 2007, a Transaviaexport Il-76TD s/n 1003499991, registered EW-78826, on approach at Mogadishu, Somalia, was hit by a projectile, which was later confirmed to be a RPG by Belarus officials.^[20] The aircraft landed safely but sustained substantial damage.
• On March 23 2007, a Transaviaexport Il-76 was shot down by an anti-aircraft missile while taking off from Mogadishu, Somalia.^[20]

[edit] Specifications (Il-76D)

General characteristics

• Crew: 5 – 7
• Capacity: 40,000 kg (Il-76), 48,000 kg (Il-76M/T), 50,000 kg (Il-76MD/TD), 60,000 kg (Il-76MF/TF)
• Payload: 45 – 47 tonnes (~50 tons)
• Length: 46.59 m (152 ft 10 in)
• Wingspan: 50.5 m (165 ft 8 in)
• Height: 14.76 m (48 ft 5 in)
• Wing area: 300.0 m² (3,229.2 ft²)
• Empty weight: 72,000 kg (Il-76), 92,000 kg (Il-76MD/TD), 104,000 kg (Il-76MF/TF) (159,000 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 157,000 kg (Il-76), 170,000 kg (Il-76M/T), 190,000 kg IL-76MD/TD), 210,000 kg (Il-76MF/TF) (346,000 lb (Il-76))
• Powerplant: 4× Soloviev D-30KP turbofans, 118 kN (26,500 lb_f) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 900 km/h (490 kt, 560 mph)
• Range: (with max payload) 3,650 km (Il-76), 4,000 km (Il-76M/T), 4,400 km (Il-76MD/TD), 4,200 km (Il-76MF/TF) (nm, mi)
• Service ceiling 13,000 m (42,700 ft)
• Rate of climb: m/s (ft/min)
• Wing loading: 566.7 kg/m² (Il-76M/T), 633.3 kg/m² (Il-76MD/TD) (116.05 lb/ft² (Il-76M/T), 129.72 lb/ft² (Il-76MD/TD))
• Thrust/weight: 0.305 (Il-76), 0.282 (Il-76M/T), 0.252 (IL-76MD/TD), 0.228 (Il-76MF/TF)

Armament

• Guns: 2× 23 mm cannon in radar-directed manned turret at base of tail

Some military models have 2 hardpoints under each outer wing capable of supporting 500 kg bombs.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Cargo Plane Is Shot Down in Somalia
• The Ilyushin, cargo plane, IL 76 loaded with items for refugees’ camps in Kosovo

[edit] Related content

Related development

• Beriev A-50 'Mainstay'
• Ilyushin Il-78

Comparable aircraft

• C-141 Starlifter
• C-17 Globemaster III

Related lists

• List of airliners

See also

• Strategic airlift

v • d • e Ilyushin aircraft
Fighters	Il-1
Attack	Il-2 · Il-8 · Il-10 · Il-16 · Il-40 · Il-102
Bombers	Il-4 · Il-6 · Il-20 (I) · Il-22 (I) · Il-28 · Il-30 · Il-46 · Il-54
Transports	Il-12 · Il-14 · Il-18 · Il-20 (II) · Il-32 · Il-34 · Il-62 · Il-76 · Il-78 · Il-80 · Il-86 · Il-96 · Il-106 · Il-112 · Il-114
Reconnaissance	Il-20 (III) · Il-22 (II) · Il-24 · Il-38 · A-50
Experimentals	A-60
Trainers	Il-103

v • d • e Lists relating to aviation
General	Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines
Military	Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft
Notable incidents and accidents	Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths
Records	Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft

cs:Iljušin Il-76

de:Iljuschin Il-76 el:Il-76 fa:ایلیوشین-۷۶ fr:Iliouchine Il-76 Candid hr:Iljušin IL-76 it:Ilyushin Il-76 he:איליושין Il-76 nl:Iljoesjin Il-76 ja:Il-76 (航空機) no:Iljusjin Il-76 pl:Ił-76 ru:Ил-76 sr:Иљушин Ил-76 fi:Iljušin Il-76 sv:Iljusin Il-76 th:อิลยูชิน อิล-76 vi:Il-76 zh:伊留申76

Retrieved from "http://india.smashits.com/wikipedia/Ilyushin_Il-76"

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since September 2007 | Aircraft without specifications | AWACS aircraft | Soviet cargo aircraft 1970-1979 | Soviet military transport aircraft 1970-1979 | Jet aircraft | High wing aircraft | Multiple engine aircraft | Ilyushin