Close front unrounded vowel

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Edit - 2× Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.png
i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
• ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
a • ɶ
ɑ • ɒ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents a rounded vowel.
IPA – number 301
IPA – text i
IPA – image Image:Xsampa-i.png
Entity i
X-SAMPA i
Kirshenbaum i
Sound sample (help·info)

The close front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is i, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is i.

The vowel [i] is very common, occurring phonemically in almost all languages with three or more vowels.

Contents

[edit] Features

  • Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.

[edit] Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz ажьырныҳәа [aʑirnuħʷo]'January' See Abkhaz phonology
Afrikaans dankie [daŋki] 'thank you'
Albanian mali [mali] 'the mountain'
Arabic دين [diːn]'religion' See Arabic phonology
Armenian իմ [im]'my'
Azerbaijani dili [dili] 'tree'
Basque bizar [bis̻ar] 'beard'
Bengali আমি [ami] 'I'
Burmese ? [sə sá bjì]'I am eating now'
Cantonese 詩/si1 [siː˥˥] 'poem' See Standard Cantonese
Catalan sis [sis] 'six' See Catalan phonology
Chickasaw lhinko [ɬinko]'to be fat'
Croatian vino [viːno̞] 'wine'
Czech bílý [ˈbiːliː] 'white' See Czech phonology
Dahalo [ʡáɬi]'fat'
Danish bilist [b̥iˈlisd] 'car driver' See Danish phonology
Dutch biet [bit] 'beet' See Dutch phonology
English beet [biːt] 'beet' See English phonology
Estonian tiik [tiːk] 'pond'
Faroese il [iːl] 'sole'
Finnish viisi [viːsi] 'five' See Finnish phonology
French fini [fini] 'finished' See French phonology
Georgian[1] სამი [ˈsɑmi]'three'
German Ziel [tsiːl] 'goal' See German phonology
Greek υγιεινή [iˌʝiiˈni] 'hygiene' Also represented by <οι> and <υι>. See Modern Greek phonology
Guaraní ha’ukuri [haʔukuri] 'Guaraní'
Haida gii [?]'?'
Hawaiian makani [makani] 'breeze' See Hawaiian phonology
Hindi तीन [t̪in] 'three' See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian ív [iːv] 'arch' See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic líka [liːka] 'also' See Icelandic phonology
Indonesian ini [ini] 'this'
Irish sí [ʃiː] 'she' See Irish phonology
Italian qui [kwi] 'here' See Italian phonology
Japanese 銀/gin [giɴ] 'silver' See Japanese phonology
Korean 시장/sijang [ɕiˈʥaŋ] 'hunger' See Korean phonology
Kurdish zîndu [ziːndu] 'alive'
Macedonian јазик [jazik] 'tongue'
Maltese bieb [biːb] 'door'
Mandarin 北京/Běijīng [peɪ˨˩ tɕiŋ˥˥]'Beijing' See Standard Mandarin
Navajo biwosh [biɣʷoʃ]'his cactus'
Norwegian is [iːs] 'ice' See Norwegian phonology
Occitan Northern and Southern miralhar [miraˈʎa] 'to reflect'
Gascon polida [?] 'pretty'
Pashto ﭙﺎﻧﻴﺮ [pɑˈnir]'cheese'
Persian کی [kiː] 'who' See Persian phonology
Pirahã baíxi [màíʔì]'parent'
Polish i [i] 'and' See Polish phonology
Portuguese li [liː] 'I read' See Portuguese phonology
Quechua allin [ˈaʎin] 'good'
Romanian insulă [ˈinsulə] 'island' See Romanian phonology
Russian лист [lʲist] 'list' Only occurs word-initially or after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic chì [xiː] 'shall see'
Serbian милина/milina [milina] 'enjoyment'
Seri cmiique [ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ] 'person'
Sindhi سنڌي [sɪndʱiː] 'Sindhi'
Sioux Lakota[2][3] ǧí [ʀí]'it's brown'
Slovak chlapi [xlapi] 'men'
Spanish[4] tipo [ˈt̪ipo̞] 'type' May also be represented by <y>. See Spanish phonology
Swahili miti [miti] 'trees'
Swedish is [iːs] (help·info) 'ice' See Swedish phonology
Tagalog silya [ˈsiljɐ] 'chair'
Tajik бинӣ [biˈniː] 'nose'
Turkish ip [ip] 'rope' See Turkish phonology
Ubykh [gʲi] 'heart' Allophone of /ə/ after palatalized consonants. See Ubykh phonology
Vietnamese ty [tī] 'bureau' See Vietnamese phonology
Võro kirotas [kʲirotas] 'he writes'
Welsh hir [hiːr]'December'
Zulu umuzi [uˈmuːzi]'village'

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261-262)
  2. ^ Rood, David S., and Taylor, Allan R. (1996). Sketch of Lakhota, a Siouan Language, Part I. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 17 (Languages), pp. 440–482.
  3. ^ Lakota Language Consortium (2004). Lakota letters and sounds.
  4. ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:256)

[edit] Bibliography

  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
  • Shosted, Ryan K. & Chikovani Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255-264br:Vogalenn serr a-raok plaen

cs:Zavřená přední nezaokrouhlená samohláska de:Ungerundeter geschlossener Vorderzungenvokal es:Vocal cerrada anterior no redondeada fr:Voyelle fermée antérieure non arrondie ko:전설 비원순 고모음 it:Vocale anteriore chiusa non-arrotondata ja:非円唇前舌狭母音 pl:Samogłoska przymknięta przednia niezaokrąglona ro:Vocală închisă anterioară nerotunjită

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