Greek diaspora

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History

v • d • e

The Greek diaspora (Greek: ελληνική διασπορά elliniki diaspora) is a term used to refer to the communities of Greek people living outside of the traditional Greek homelands in southeast Europe and Asia Minor. Members of the diaspora can be identified as those who themselves, or whose ancestors, migrated from the Greek homelands.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Ancient Times

In ancient times the trading and colonising activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread people of Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in Sicily, southern Italy, Spain the South of France and the Black sea coasts. Under Alexander the Great's Empire Greek ruling classes were established in the Middle East, India and in Egypt. The Hellenistic period is characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization which established Greek cities and Kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Under the Roman Empire movement of people spread Greeks across the Empire and in the eastern territories Greek became the lingua franca rather than Latin. The Roman Empire became Christianized in the fourth century AD, and in the Byzantine period practice of the Greek Orthodox form of Christianity became a defining hallmark of Greek identity.

[edit] 7th Century

In the seventh century Emperor Heraclius adopted Greek as the official language. Greeks continued to live around the Levant, Mediterranean and Black Sea maintaining a Greek identity amongst local populations as traders, officials and settlers. Under the Ottoman Empire these populations generally remained.

[edit] 15th Century - Fall Of Byzantium, Exodus to Italy

Many Greeks fled the Constantinople after its fall in 1453 and found refuge in Italy, bringing with them many ancient Greek writings that had been lost in the West. These helped contribute to the European Renaissance. Most Greeks settled in Venice and are indeed now lost to history.

[edit] Modern Times

[edit] 19th Century

During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the Diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and St Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the whole extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox church. As markets changed and they became more established, some families grew their operations to become shippers, financed through the local Greek community, notably with the aid of the Ralli or Vagliano Brothers. With economic success the Diaspora expanded further across the Levant, North Africa, India and the USA.

After the Treaty of Constantinople the political situation stabilised somewhat, and some of the displaced families moved back to the newly-independent country to become key figures in cultural, educational and political life, especially in Athens. Finance and assistance from overseas were channelled through these family ties, and helped provide institutions such as the National Library, and sent relief after natural disasters.

[edit] 20th Century

In the twentieth century many Greeks left the traditional homelands for economic reasons resulting in large migrations from Greece and Cyprus to the United States, Great Britain, Australia, Canada, Germany and South Africa, especially after the Second World War (1939-45) the Greek Civil War (1946-49) and the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus in 1974.

After the First World War most Greeks living in the territory of modern Turkey were forced or coerced into leaving areas occupied by Greek people since antiquity. Many came to modern Greece, but The Russian Empire (later USSR) was also a major destination.

After the Greek Civil War some left wing activists and their families moved to the Communist Countries of Europe due to the political situation. Hungary even founded a whole new village, Beloiannisz for Greek immigrants. While many immigrants returned later, these countries still have numerous first and second generation Greeks who maintain their traditions.

The Arab Nationalism of President Nasser of Egypt led to the expulsion of a large Greek population from that country in the 1950s. Until that point Alexandria had been an important centre of Greek culture since antiquity, with the business life of the city dominated by Greeks.

With the fall of Communism in eastern Europe and the USSR, numbers of Greeks of the Diaspora whose Greek ancestry was "removed" for many generations, immigrated to modern Greece's main urban centres of Athens and Thessaloniki, and also to Cyprus. Movements from Georgia were most numerous.

The term Pontic Greeks is used to refer to those who have come from the countries around the Black Sea.

[edit] Today

Important centres of the Greek Diaspora today are Chicago, London, New York, Melbourne and Toronto.

The General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad is a dependency of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and has compiled several studies on the Greeks of the diaspora.

The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue. Where Census figures are available it shows around 3 million Greeks outside of Greece and Cyprus. Estimates provided by the Council of overseas Greeks {SAE} put the figure at around 7 million worldwide. Integration, intermarriage and loss of the Greek language also influence the definition and self-definition of Greeks of the Diaspora.

[edit] Well known Greeks of the Diaspora

Well known people in the Greek diaspora include:

The queen Cleopatra of Egypt, King Attalos, Antiochius III, George Averoff, Arsaki, Maria Callas, Jennifer Aniston, George Michael, Telly Savalas, Doménicos Theotokópoulos (El Greco), Georges Corraface, Greg Louganis, John Varvatos, Elia Kazan, Constantine Lascaris, Marcus Musurus, Yiannis Pharmakis, Queen Sophia of Spain, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Peter Andre, Jake and Dinos Chapman Sir Alec Issigonis, Michael Dukakis, Olympia Dukakis, Michael Dertouzos, George Bizos, Mario Frangoulis, George Sava, Spyros Skouras, Arianna Huffington, Panayiotis Zavos, Nicholas Negroponte, Grigorios S. Kapageridis, Nik Poulos, Spiro Agnew, George Stephanopoulos,

See also:

Image:50 largest Greek diaspora.png
Top 50 countries with the largest Greek populations

[edit] Number of Greeks in all countries

Rank Country Capital Number of ethnic Greeks Main articles
1 Image:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Athens 10,196,539 (2001 census) [1] Demographics of Greece
2 Image:Flag of the United States.svg United States Washington, D.C. 1,213,807 (2000 census) [2] – an estimated 3,000,000 claim Greek descent [3] Greek American
3 Image:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Nicosia 635,914 (2001 census) [4] Greek Cypriots, Greek Cypriot diaspora
4 Image:Flag of Australia.svg Australia Canberra 365,150 (2006 census) [5] – Greek Australian
5 Image:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Berlin 354,500 (est.) [6] – 320,000 (2006 est.) [7] Greeks in Germany
6 Image:Flag of Canada.svg Canada Ottawa 215,105 (2001 census) [8] – 450,000 (est.)[6] Greek Canadians
7 Image:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Pretoria 120,000 (est.) [6] – see also [4] Greeks in South Africa
8 Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom London 112,163 (2001 census) - excludes all British-born Greeks (est. 200,000) [9] Greeks in Great Britain
9 Image:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Moscow 97,827 (2002 census) [10] – 97,827 (est.) [6] Greeks in Russia
10 Image:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Kiev 91,500 (2001 census) [11] – 91,500 (est.) [6] Greeks in Ukraine
11 Image:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Tirana 58,785 (1989 census) [12] – 400,000 (est.) [13] Greeks in Albania
12 Image:Flag of France.svg France Paris 35,000 (est.) [14] [6] Greeks in France
13 Image:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Brasília 25,000 – 30,000 (est.) [15] Greeks in Brazil
14 Image:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Brussels 25,000 (est.) [6] – 35,000 (est.) [16] Greeks in Belgium
15 Image:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Buenos Aires 20,000 (est.) [6] – 30,000 (est.) [17] Greeks in Argentina
16 Image:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Rome 20,000 (est.) [6] – 30,000 (est.) [18] Greeks in Italy
17 Image:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia Tbilisi 15,166 (2002 census) [19] – 15,166 (est.) [6] Greeks in Georgia
18 Image:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Belgrade 15,000 (est.) [20] Greeks in Serbia
19 Image:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Astana 12,703 (1999 census) [21] – 12,703 (est.) [6] Greeks in Kazakhstan
20 Image:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Stockholm 12,000 – 15,000 (est.) [22] – 20,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Sweden
21 Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Tashkent 9,500 (est.) [23] – 10,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Uzbekistan
22 Image:Flag of Switzerland.svg Switzerland Bern 8,340 (est.) [6] – 11,000 (est.) [24] Greeks in Switzerland
23 Image:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Bucharest 6,513 (2002 census) [25] – 14,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Romania
24 Image:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Vienna 5,000 (est.) [26] – 6,500 (est.) [6] Greeks in Austria
25 Image:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Ankara 5,000 (2006 est.) [27] Greeks in Turkey
26 Image:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Wellington 4,500 (est.) [28] – 10,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in New Zealand
27 Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Amsterdam 4,000 (est.) [6] – 12,500 (est.) [29] Greeks in the Netherlands
28 Image:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Cairo 3,800 (est.) [30] – 350,000 (1989 est.) [31] Greeks in Egypt
29 Image:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Sofia 3,408 (2001 census) [32] – 28,500 [33] Greeks in Bulgaria
30 Image:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Prague 3,231 (2001 census) [34] – 7,000 (est.) [35] Greeks in the Czech Republic
31 Image:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Chişinău 3,000 (est.) [36] – 4,000 (est.) [6] Greeks in Moldova
32 Image:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Budapest 2,509 (2001 census) [37] – 6,000 (est.) [38] Greeks in Hungary
33 Image:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Beirut 1,500 (est.) [6] Greeks in Lebanon
34 Image:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Muscat 1,500 (est.) [6] Greeks in Oman
35 Image:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Warsaw 1,404 (2002 census) [39] – 4,300 (est.) [6] Greeks in Poland
36 Image:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Riyadh 1,300 (est.) [6] Greeks in Saudi Arabia
37 Image:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Luxembourg 1,200 [6] – 2,000 (est.) [40] Greeks in Luxembourg
38 Image:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Yaoundé 1,200 (est.) [41] Greeks in Cameroon
39 Image:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Yerevan 1,176 (2002 census) [42] – 15,000 (est.) [41] Greeks in Armenia
40 Image:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Caracas 1,148 (est.) [43] – 2,500 (est.) [41] Greeks in Venezuela
41 Image:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Harare 1,100 (est.) [44] – 4,000 (est.) [41] Greeks in Zimbabwe
42 Image:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Montevideo 1,000 (est.) [41] – 2,000 (est.) [45] Greeks in Uruguay
43 Image:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Santiago 1,000 (est.) [41] – 1,500 (est.) [46] Greeks in Chile
44 Image:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Mexico City 1,000 (est.) [47] [41] Greeks in Mexico
45 Image:Flag of Syria.svg Syria Damascus 1,000 (est.) [41] Greeks in Syria
46 Image:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Panama City 800 (est.) [41] – 1,000 (est.) [48] Greeks in Panama
47 Image:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Lusaka 700 (est.) [41] Greeks in Zambia
48 Image:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Bishkek 650 – 700 (est.) [49] Greeks in Kyrgyzstan
49 Image:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Copenhagen 500 (est.) [41] – 1,000 (est.) [50] Greeks in Denmark
50 Image:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Addis Ababa 500 (est.) [51] – 700 (est.) [41] Greeks in Ethiopia
51 Image:Flag of Macedonia.svg FYROM Skopje 422 (2002 census) [52] – 250,000 (1994 est.) [53] Greeks in FYROM
52 Image:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Amman 400 (est.) [41] – 600 (est.) [54] Greeks in Jordan
53 Image:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Oslo 350 (est.) [55] [41] Greeks in Norway
54 Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo (ex. Zaire) Kinshasa 300 (est.) [56] – 5000 (est.) [41] Greeks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
55 Image:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Madrid 300 (est.) [41] – 1,500 – 2,000 (est.) [57] Greeks in Spain
56 Image:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Nassau 300 (est.) [41] Greeks in the Bahamas
57 Image:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Abuja 300 (est.) [58] [41] Greeks in Nigeria
58 Image:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Dodoma 300 (est.) [41] Greeks in Tanzania
59 Image:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica San José 290, including those of Greek descent (est.)[59]; 80 (est.) [60] Greeks in Costa Rica
60 Image:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Jerusalem 250 – 300 (est.) [61] – 1,500 (est.) [41] (non-Jewish Greek only) Greeks in Israel
61 Image:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Khartoum 250 (est.) [62] – 700 (est.) [41] Greeks in Sudan
62 Image:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Baku 250 – 300 (est.) [63] Greeks in Azerbaijan
63 Image:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Vilnius 250 (est.) [64] Greeks in Lithuania
64 Image:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Lilongwe 200 (est.) [65] – 800 (est.) [41] Greeks in Malawi
65 Image:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Bogotá, D.C. 200 (est.) [41] Greeks in Colombia
66 Image:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Dublin 200 (est.) [41] – for further information, see [5] Greeks in Ireland
67 Image:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Nairobi 200 (est.) [41] Greeks in Kenya
68 Image:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi 200 (est.) [41] Greeks in the United Arab Emirates
69 Image:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Rabat 180 (est.) [60] Greeks in Morocco
70 Image:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Lima 150 (est.) [60] – 350 (est.) [66] Greeks in Peru
71 Image:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Lisbon 150 (est.) [60] – 240 (est.) [67] Greeks in Portugal
72 Image:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Gaborone 150 (est.) [60] Greeks in Botswana
73 Image:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Djibouti City 150 (est.) [60] Greeks in Djibouti
74 Image:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Tallinn 150 (est.) [68] Greeks in Estonia
75 Image:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Helsinki 150 (est.) [69] [60] Greeks in Finland
76 Image:Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong – 150 (est.) [60] Greeks in Hong Kong
77 Image:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Kuwait City 140 (est.) [70] –150 (est.) [60] Greeks in Kuwait
78 Image:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Riga 100 (est.) [71] – 10,000 (est.) [60] Greeks in Latvia
79 Image:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Tokyo 100 (est) [60] – 300 (est.) [72] Greeks in Japan
80 Image:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia La Paz 100 (est.) [73] [60] Greeks in Bolivia
81 Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Republic of China Beijing 100 (est.) [74] Greeks in China
82 Image:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Jakarta 72 (est.) [75] Greeks in Indonesia
83 Image:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Port Moresby 70 (est.) [60] Greeks in Papua New Guinea
84 Image:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Tehran 60 (est.) [60] – 80 (est.) [76] Greeks in Iran
85 Image:Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Côte d'Ivoire Yamoussoukro 60 (est.) [60] Greeks in Côte d'Ivoire
86 Image:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Antananarivo 60 (est.) [60] Greeks in Madagascar
87 Image:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Ljubljana 54 (2002 census) [77] Greeks in Slovenia
88 Image:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Zagreb 50 (est.) [78] Greeks in Croatia
89 Image:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Tunis 50 (est.) [60] Greeks in Tunisia
90 Image:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Dakar 50 (est.) [60] Greeks in Senegal
91 Image:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Bangui 40 (est.) [60] Greeks in the Central African Republic
92 Image:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Doha 40 (est.) [60] Greeks in Qatar
93 Image:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore – 40 (est.) [79] Greeks in Singapore
94 Image:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Valletta 35 – 40 (est.) [80] Greeks in Malta
95 Image:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Havana 30 (est.) [60] Greeks in Cuba
96 Image:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Algiers 30 (est.) [60] Greeks in Algeria
97 Image:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Asmara 30 (est.) [60] Greeks in Eritrea
98 Image:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Bratislava apart from some 80 students currently in Slovakia, there are no more than twenty Greeks, and no form of association [81] Greeks in Slovakia
99 Image:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Asunción 20 (est.) [60] – 25 (est.) [82] Greeks in Paraguay
100 Image:Flag of Chad.svg Chad N'Djamena 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Chad
101 Image:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Quito 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Ecuador
102 Image:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Guatemala City 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Guatemala
103 Image:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Maputo 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Mozambique
104 Image:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Windhoek 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Namibia
105 Image:Flag of Togo.svg Togo Lomé 20 (est.) [60] Greeks in Togo
106 Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo Brazzaville 10 (est.) [60] Greeks in the Republic of the Congo
107 Image:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Minsk unknown – for further information, see [6] Greeks in Belarus

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ According to the 2001 census, the total population of Greece was 10,964,020 out of which 93% (or 10,196,539) are Greeks.
  2. ^ United States of America: 2000 census
  3. ^ United States Department of State: Background Note: Greece
  4. ^ 2001 census, in Cypriot government-controlled area.
  5. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006: [1]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Greeks around the Globe (they are quoting the statistics of the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad as on October 12, 2004)
  7. ^ Germany: Greek population in Germany, by the Federal Republic of Germany (Relations between Greece and Germany)
  8. ^ See List of Canadians by ethnicity
  9. ^ BBC Special: Born Abroad [2]. This figure includes only Greeks born in Greece (35,007) and Cyprus (77,156). The actual number of Greeks (and especially Greek Cypriots) in the UK is much higher.
  10. ^ Norwegian Institute of International Affairs: Centre for Russian Studies: 2002 census
  11. ^ State Statistics Committee of Ukraine: 2001 census
  12. ^ UNPO: Greek Minority in Albania
  13. ^ Country Studies US: Greeks and Other Minorities
  14. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: France: The Greek Community
  15. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Brazil: The Greek Community
  16. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Belgium: The Greek Community
  17. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Argentina: The Greek Community
  18. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Italy: The Greek Community
  19. ^ Eurominority: Greeks in Georgia
  20. ^ Glas Javnosti: Nama su samo Srbi braća
  21. ^ Japan External Trade Organization: Institute of Developing Economies: Ethnodemographic situation in Kazakhstan
  22. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Sweden: The Greek Community
  23. ^ Central Asia – Caucasus analyst: Greeks in Uzbekistan
  24. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Switzerland: The Greek Community
  25. ^ ClubAfaceri: 2002 (Romanian) census
  26. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Austria: The Greek Community
  27. ^ "Ethnic Greeks of Istanbul convene", Athens News Agency, 2 July 2006. Additionally, there are 600,000 Greek-speaking people in Turkey according to the Columbia Encyclopedia [3], although this figure will certainly include Turkish-identifying Greek Muslims.
  28. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: New Zealand: The Greek Community
  29. ^ According to the Netherlands Statistical Service, quoted by: Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Netherlands: The Greek Community
  30. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Egypt: The Greek Community
  31. ^ United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database – Document – Summary Record – Egypt
  32. ^ Republic of Bulgaria: National Statistical Institute: 2001 census
  33. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Bulgaria: The Greek Community
  34. ^ Office of the Czech Republic Government: Report on the Situation of National Minorities in the Czech Republic in 2001
  35. ^ According to the Association of Greek Communities in the Czech Republic quoted by the Office of the Czech Republic Government: Report on the Situation of National Minorities in the Czech Republic in 2001
  36. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Moldova
  37. ^ Hungarian Central Statistical Office: 2001 census
  38. ^ Eurominority: Greeks in Hungary
  39. ^ See Demographics of Poland
  40. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Luxembourg: The Greek Community
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Greeks around the Globe (they are quoting the statistics of the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad as on October 12, 2004)
  42. ^ National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia: 2002 census
  43. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Venezuela: The Greek Community
  44. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Zimbabwe: The Greek Community
  45. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Uruguay: The Greek Community
  46. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Chile: The Greek Community
  47. ^ Comunidad Helenica de Mexico: The Greek side of Mexico
  48. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Uruguay: The Greek Community
  49. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Kyrgyzstan: The Greek Community
  50. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Denmark: The Greek Community
  51. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Ethiopia: The Greek Community
  52. ^ See Demographics of the Republic of Macedonia
  53. ^ Johns Hopkins University Press: Victor Roudometof, Nationalism and Identity Politics in the Balkans: Greece and the Macedonian Question
  54. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Jordan: The Greek Community
  55. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Norway: The Greek Community
  56. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Democratic Republic of Congo: The Greek Community
  57. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Spain: The Greek Community
  58. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Nigeria: The Greek Community
  59. ^ http://www.solatino.gr/spa/art/consulado_costa_rica/article769
  60. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Greeks around the Globe (they are quoting the statistics of the General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad as on October 12, 2004)
  61. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Azerbaijan: The Greek Community
  62. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Sudan: The Greek Community
  63. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Azerbaijan: The Greek Community
  64. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Lithuania: The Greek Community
  65. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Malawi: The Greek Community
  66. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Peru: The Greek Community
  67. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Portugal: The Greek Community
  68. ^ Estonian Statistical Office: Estonia: The Greek Community
  69. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Finland: The Greek Community
  70. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Kuwait: The Greek Community
  71. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Latvia: The Greek Community
  72. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Japan: The Greek Community
  73. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Bolivia: The Greek Community
  74. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: China: The Greek Community
  75. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Indonesia: The Greek Community
  76. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Iran: The Greek Community
  77. ^ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia: Census of population, households and housing 2002
  78. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Croatia: The Greek Community
  79. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Singapore: The Greek Community
  80. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Malta: The Greek Community
  81. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Slovakia
  82. ^ Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Singapore: The Greek Community

[edit] External links

es:Diáspora Griega fr:Diaspora grecque pt:Diáspora grega

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