Glottal stop

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This article is about the sound. For the letter, see glottal stop (letter).

IPA – number	113
IPA – text	ʔ
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-questionmark.png
Entity	ʔ
X-SAMPA	?
Kirshenbaum	?
Sound sample (help·info)

The glottal stop or voiceless glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʔ. The glottal stop is the sound made when the vocal cords are pressed together to stop the flow of air and then released; for example, the break separating the syllables of the interjection uh-oh.

[edit] Features

Features of the glottal stop:

• Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
• Its place of articulation is glottal which means it is articulated by the vocal folds.
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• Because it is pronounced in the throat; without a component in the mouth, the central/lateral dichotomy does not apply.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		аи	[ʔaj]	'no'	See Abkhaz phonology
Arabic		ألله	[ʔɑlˤlˈɑːh]	'God, 'Allah'	See Arabic phonology
Bikol		ba-go	[ˈbaːʔgo]	'new'	Certain dialects have bag-o
Burmese		မ္ရစ္‌မ္ယား	[mjiʔ mjà]	'rivers'
Cebuano		bag-o	[ˈbaːgʔo]	'new'
Chamorro		halu'u	[həluʔu]	'shark'
Czech		používat	[poʔuʒiːvat]	'to use'	See Czech phonology
Danish		hånd	[hɞnʔ]	'hand'	See Danish phonology
Dutch		beamen	[bəʔɑmən]	'to affirm'	See Dutch phonology
English		cat	[kæʔ(t)]	'cat'	Dialectal. Allophone of /t/. See glottalization and English phonology
Finnish		linja-auto	[ˈlinjɑʔˈɑuto]	'bus'	See Finnish phonology
German	northern dialects	Beamter	[bəˈʔamtɐ]	'civil servant'	See German phonology
Guaraní		avañe’ẽ	[aʋaɲẽˈʔẽ]	'Guaraní'	Occurs only between vowels
Hawaiian		ʻeleʻele	[ˈʔɛlɛˈʔɛlɛ]	'black'	See Hawaiian phonology
Hebrew		אָלֶף־בֵית	[ʔalefbet]	'alphabet'	See Hebrew phonology
Indonesian		bakso	[ˌbaʔˈso]	'meatball'	Allophone of /k/ or /g/ in the syllable coda
Kabardian		Iэ	[ʔɛ]	'to tell'
Maltese		qattus	[ˈʔattus]	'cat'
Persian		معني	[maʔni]	'meaning'	See Persian phonology
Pirahã		baíxi	[màíʔì]	'parent'
Seri		he	[ʔɛ]	'I'
Spanish	Paraguayan	el débil es...	[el deʋil ʔeh]	'the weak one is...'	See Spanish phonology
Tagalog		iihi	[ˌʔiːˈʔiːhɛʔ]	'will urinate'
Tahitian		puaʻa	[puaʔa]	'pig'
Tongan		tuʻu	[tuʔu]	'stand'
Vietnamese		bà	[ʔɓɐ̤ː˧˩]	'lady'	See Vietnamese phonology
Võro		piniq	[ˈpinʲiʔ]	'dogs'
Welayta		[ʔirʈa]		'wet'

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics
• Okina
• Saltillo (linguistics)
• Stød

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bilabial Lab'den. Dental Alveolar Postalv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn. Epiglottal Glottal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǁ ǃ ǂ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Other laterals  ɺ ɫ Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.

br:Kensonenn troc'h-avel dre serriñ

ca:Oclusiva glotal sorda cs:Ráz da:Glottalt lukke de:Stimmloser glottaler Plosiv es:Oclusiva glotal fr:Coup de glotte ko:성문 파열음 it:Occlusiva glottidale sorda nl:Glottisslag ja:声門破裂音 no:Glottal plosiv pl:Zwarcie krtaniowe ru:Гортанная смычка sk:Ráz fi:Glottaaliklusiili sv:Glottal klusil vls:Glottisslag