Gendercide
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Gendercide is a neologism that refers to the systematic killing of members of a specific sex, either males or females.[1] The term is intended to be sex-neutral, but it is mostly used in feminism to refer to female victims (feminicide or femicide), though it has also been used to refer to male victims (viricide).
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[edit] Male victims
The systematic killing of men, viricide, happens sometimes during war to reduce an enemy's potential pool of soldiers; this happened for example in the 1988 Anfal campaign against Kurdish men and boys[2][3][4] in Iraq and on 12 July 1995 during the Srebrenica massacre of Bosniak men and boys.[5][6] During the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots men were targeted overwhelmingly.[7]
[edit] Draft dodgers
Men who refused to conscription in the military have been the target of forced labor, mutilation, and massacre in the nations of Angola, Ethiopia, Iraq, and Russia[8].
[edit] Femicide
Femicide is the systematic killing of women because they are women. Femicide is seen as a gender crime. It is attested from the 1820s.[9]
There have been reports of femicide in Guatemala City, Guatemala, and in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico[10]. The murders in Juarez, also known as las muertas de Juárez ("The dead women of Juárez"), and Guatemala were reportedly not investigated by the local authorities. Most of the women were raped before being murdered and some were mutilated, tortured and dismembered. In Guatemala City about 20% of the over 500 women murdered in 2004 and 2005 were killed in pairs, due to an "intimate relationship", according to Claudia Acevedo of Lesbiradas.[citation needed]
There is also concern that femicide of Aboriginal women is taking place in Canada. Five hundred Aboriginal women have been reported missing or murdered since 1980, a disproportionate proportion compared to non-Aboriginal women. According to sociological studies, these women are seen as easy targets because their race places them at the bottom of the social and economic hierarchy. Many of the missing women have been dismissed as prostitutes and their disappearances have gone uninvestigated. A major factor in bringing international attention to Canadian women was the murder of Helen Betty Osborne in 1971.[11]
The most widespread form of femicide is in the form of sex-selective infanticide in cultures with strong preferences for male offspring, notably in the mainland of the People's Republic of China, India, and South Korea. These practices result in demographic imbalance with an excess of males.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Coined by Mary Anne Warren in her 1985 book Gendercide: The Implications of Sex Selection[1]
- ^ The Crimes of Saddam Hussein
- ^ http://hrw.org/reports/1992/iraqkor/KOREME2.htm
- ^ http://www.gendercide.org/case_anfal.html
- ^ Srebrenica Timeline
- ^ Serbians Still Divided Over Srebrenica Massacre
- ^ http://www.gendercide.org/case_kashmir_punjab.html
- ^ Case Study: Military conscription/ Impressment
- ^ 2006 Random House Unabridged Dictionary
- ^ Femicide and Gender Violence in Mexico, retrieved on May 28th 2007.
- ^ "Canada: Stolen Sisters: A Human Rights Response to Discrimination and Violence against Indigenous Women in Canada." Amnesty International of Canada, 4 Oct. 2004, 30 Oct. 2005
[edit] External links
- Gendercide Watch Website devoted to this subject, with links to publications and related resources
- Gendercide watch - Female Infanticide
- Femicide in Guatemala--Guernica Magazine (guernicamag.com)
- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Situation of the Rights of Women in Ciudad Juárez (2002) —
Report by OAS human rights agency. - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Graduate Research "Juarez Mothers Fight Femicide Documentary" (March 2005)
- The Economist - No place for your daughters (Nov 24th 2005)
- Lourdes Portillo Video, Señorita Extraviada ISDN 0807861731 2001ca:Feminicidi
da:Femicide es:Femicidio fr:Gynécide ko:젠더사이드
