Foreign minister

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A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the foreign policy of a sovereign nation. The ministry for foreign affairs is often regarded as the most senior ministerial position below that of the head of government (prime minister or president); it is often granted to the deputy prime minister in coalition governments. In some nations, the foreign minister is referred to as the minister for external affairs. The current foreign minister of New Zealand, however, is not a member of the Cabinet, but rather sits in the Opposition, as part of a complex system of coalition agreements entered into by the Labour Party and its multiple allies.

A foreign minister's powers can vary from government to government. In a classic parliamentary system, a foreign minister can potentially exert significant influence in forming foreign policy but when the government is dominated by a strong prime minister the foreign minister may be limited to playing a more marginal or subsidiary role in determining policy. Similarly, the political powers invested in the foreign minister are often more limited in presidential governments with a strong executive. Since the end of World War II, it has been common for both the foreign minister and defense minister to be part of an inner cabinet (commonly known as a National Security Council) in order to coordinate defence and diplomatic policy. Although the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw many heads of government assume the foreign ministry, this practice has since become uncommon in most developed nations.

Along with their political roles, foreign ministers are also traditionally responsible for many diplomatic duties, such as hosting foreign world leaders and going on state visits to other countries. The foreign minister is generally the most well-traveled member of any cabinet.

In the United States, the foreign minister is called the 'Secretary of State', and occupies the oldest cabinet post in the nation.

In the United Kingdom, the foreign minister (who is also responsible for Britain's Overseas Territories) is called the 'Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs' (or 'Foreign Secretary' for short). Before 1968, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs only handled relations with foreign, i.e. non-Commonwealth, countries: relations with Commonwealth countries and colonies were handled by the Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs. For the same reason, in Commonwealth countries other than the United Kingdom, the ministers responsible for handling relations with both Commonwealth and non-Commonwealth counties were formerly usually designated ministers for 'External Affairs'.

Other common titles may include minister of foreign relations. In many Spanish-Speaking Latin American countries, the foreign minister is called canciller (= chancellor).

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da:Udenrigsminister de:Außenminister es:Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores fr:Ministre des affaires étrangères hr:Ministar vanjskih poslova id:Menteri Luar Negeri it:Ministero degli Affari Esteri he:משרד החוץ lt:Užsienio reikalų ministras ja:外務大臣 nn:Utanriksminister nds:Butenminister pt:Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros ru:Министр иностранных дел sv:Utrikesminister zh:外交部

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